(二) Climate migration is a unique kind of environmental migration; it describes a type of migration that is caused by climate change. In this context, people who are environmental refugees are usually forced to move away from their places of origin because they cannot live any longer in their residency where their living environment has much been damaged by the drastic change of climate. They usually have to adapt to a different living surrounding when they move to stay in a different place.

(一) Many governments have implemented the use of biometrics to enhance their safety measures when issuing passports, visas or residence permits to people who migrate to their countries. Biometric measures rely on a computerized system that scans and collects a person’s special traits such as his/her fingerprints, face, iris, retina or ear features. This storing of the data can also be utilized to look for or verify a person’s identity to reduce the mistakes that might happen when providing the immigration services to travelers.

(三) It is common for most people to express xenophobia when they encounter strangers, foreigners or immigrants who also stay in their communities or countries. People often tend to discriminate against someone who is different from them. But this dislike or fear of strangers and foreigners from other countries can be strong and unreasonable sometimes. Therefore, it is important that the government should introduce the practice of social inclusion to reduce discrimination against immigrants.

(四) Some governments carry out the visa waiver program (VWP) by allowing some countries to travel to their nations for a certain phase of time without the need to apply for a visa. But travelers who wish to use this kind of scheme still need to seek for authorization of the countries they plan to travel to. Countries such as the United States impose certain limits on visitors who are eligible for using this service.

(五) Some countries issue a visa to a family member of an international student in their country as the subsequent entrant. A family member of this kind usually applies for this visa to join or reunite with their family members who study in a foreign country. This kind of visa enables the subsequent entrant to provide emotional, psychological, or mental support to the international student. They are also allowed to stay during the duration of the stay of the international student.

四、中譯英：請將以下中文段落進行適當的英文翻譯（15 分） 美國總統拜登上任後便簽署通過幾項移民法案，並對前任川普總統任內 所執行的幾項移民法案做了一些變革，包括維持歐巴馬總統任內所推動 的「童年抵達者暫緩驅逐辦法」，持續讓這些於孩童時就已入境美國的無 照移民能夠免於面臨被遣返的命運，並讓他們能經由合法管道取得公民 證、停止建造介於美國與墨西哥邊境的圍牆，以省下鉅額的建造費、消 除對穆斯林國家人民到美國的旅遊禁令、將境內不具公民身分的人民亦 算入全國人口數、擴大對海外自由鬥士的人道救援以及提交多項移民法 案到國會進行審議與通過等。

五、英文作文： （20 分） Social inclusion is crucial for improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of those disadvantaged in society on the basis of their identity. But to implement social integration more smoothly requires overcoming many obstacles in order to reach a more satisfactory result. Write a problem and solution essay between 250 and 300 words. State the possible problems when the government intends to enact social inclusion and their solutions. Please give specific examples to support your points.

四、英文作文：In many countries, Taiwan included, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened. In sociology, a term called “M-shaped society” was coined to illustrate the gap of wealth distribution between two major groups: the rich and the poor. Yet, such a gap can bring potential threat to the development of a society. Thus, some believe “taxation” may be a good way to address the income gap. Please write a 250-word essay to present your analysis on such an idea.

三、中譯英：近來有研究結果顯示，當學生接受雙語教育時，他們的英文閱讀理解能 力呈現了顯著的進步，這樣突出的表現尤其顯示在閱讀推理、文本分析 兩個方面。然而，這樣的進步並不是全面的，仍有學生因基礎能力不足 或無法適應雙語教育，造成進步幅度有限的學習結果，亦可以說，雙語 教育的成效因學生而異。但在學生的語言學習動機、課程參與程度上， 雙語教育都顯示了正面的影響效果。

二、英譯中：In 2024, the U.S. was the world’s dominant travel and tourism market, according to a 2024 Economic Impact Trends Report by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). In 2023, a record-breaking $2.36 trillion was added to the U.S. economy from tourism. Then Tourism Economics predicted a 9% increase in international arrivals in 2025 compared to 2024. However, political tensions and negative perceptions of the U.S. have been keeping international tourists away, steering many travelers to visit Canada instead. As a result, Tourism Economics experienced a complete 180; it revised its predictions to a 9.4% decline in international visits to the U.S., and more drop again in early August.

五、英文作文： （20 分）“With the global labor market battle underway, the days when Taiwan could bring in large numbers of migrant workers are numbered. At the same time, the emergence of the poaching of workers as the ‘new normal’ indicates that treating migrant workers as cheap labor is no longer viable. Taiwan is entering the ranks of developed countries, and the answer to its labor bottleneck may be to turn migrant workers into immigrants.”Do you agree or disagree with the above quoted passage? Please elaborate your argument in no more than 250 words and be sure to support it with sufficient evidence.

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