(二) Express Warranty

三、溫度為影響微生物生長的主要因子，且部分的微生物在冷藏及加熱過程 中尚可存活；請分別說明何謂嗜冷菌（psychrophiles）與嗜熱菌 （thermophiles）？其分別可在低溫與高溫環境下生長的生理特性為何？ （20 分）

四、請說明何謂生物危險群第二等級（RiskGroup2,RG2）微生物與生物安 全第二等級實驗室；並請說明該實驗室中使用之生物安全操作櫃之運作 原理及操作注意事項。（20分）

五、微生物發酵（microbialfermentation）應用的範圍很廣，請舉二例以微生物發酵生產之產品並敘述其特性，另說明以微生物發酵生產食品及醫藥 產品的優點為何？（20分）

(一) Construction Total Loss

(三) Free of Particular Average

(四) General Average Guarantee

(五) Insufficient Preparation

(一) The Underwriters agree to indemnify the Assured for three-fourths of any sum or sums paid by the Assured to any other person or persons by reason of the Assured becoming legally liable by way of damage for1. loss of or damage to any other vessel or property on any other vessel2. delay to or loss of use of any such other vessel or property thereon3. general average of, salvage of, or salvage under contract of, any such other vessel or property thereon where such payment by the Assured is in consequence of the Vessel hereby insured coming into collision with any other vessel.（15 分）

(二) Where, after attachment of this insurance, the destination is changed by the Assured, this must be notified promptly to Insurers for rates and terms to be agreed. Should a loss occur prior to such agreement being obtained cover may be provided but only if cover would have been available at a reasonable commercial market rate on reasonable market terms.（10 分）

三、何謂 General Average？試說明其成立要件以及實務上的四種共同海損文件。 （25 分）