(2) 不滿足這個特性對 β_1 的估計有何影響？(10%)

3. A rare medical condition affects only 1 in 50,000 people in a specific population. A sophisticated diagnostic test for this condition has the following characteristics: If a person has the disease, the test is \(99.5\%\) accurate in detecting it (sensitivity). If a person does not have the disease, the test has a \(1.5\%\) false positive rate. Two independent tests are performed on the same patient. What is the probability (%) that a person actually has the disease, given that they tested positive on the first test and also tested positive on the second test? (20%) (Note: You are asked to answer in percentages, counted to two decimal places.)

(2) 不滿足這個特性對 \(\beta_{1}\) 的估計有何影響？(\(10\%\))

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