(2)　The mortise and tenon—Fastening of end-grain to side-grainjoints can be accomplished with a high level of success using themortise and tenon. The basic joint is fashioned by forming the end-grain component, the tenon, into a round or rectangular crosssection and inserting it into a hole, or mortise, of the same size andshape in the side-grain component.

2. It is generally believed that public employees are motivated by a sense of service not found among private employees. They are seen as motivated by a concern for the community and a desire to serve the public interest and are more likely to be characterized by an ethic that prioritizes intrinsic rewards over extrinsic rewards. The concept of public service motivation (PSM) is used to explain the difference between public and private employees. In recent years, a significant amount of research has examined the topic of PSM. The primary focus of recent studies on PSM has been on identifying the nature of PSM and exploring whether it is characteristic of civil servants. However, the measurement of PSM is not fully examined. Perry (1996) identified a multidimensional scale to measure PSM that has four components: attraction to policy making (APM), commitment to public interest(CPI), compassion (COM), and self-sacrifice (SS). Perry’s measurement scale represents the generally accepted model of PSM within the United States, but there is little research on the generalizability and applicability of the dimensions and scale of PSM in the other countries. National culture may influence the construct of PSM in North American studies, and it is an empirical question whether it is possible to measure PSM in a different cultural context using the same approach. A major concern about using a scale developed in another country is its validity across societies. An important step in establishing the generalizability of PSM is to assess its applicability in other countries. (20%)

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