1. 請寫出完整的遺傳中心法則（Central Dogma）。（5分）

2. 請描述被子植物 double fertilization 的機制，並詳述胚與胚乳的發育來源。（5分）

3. 試述「南方墨點法（Southern Blot）」之原理與用途。（5分）

4. 種子在發芽時需吸收多量的水分，主要是因為水在發芽過程中具有哪四種功用？（4分）

(翻譯)1. 長期以來，許多人認為科技是中立的，使用者應對自己的行為負責。事實上，平台的設計可能會深刻影響使用者的行為。像是無限滑動、自動播放以及頻繁的通知等設計，容易讓人上癮，並對心理健康造成負面影響。專家認為，僅僅禁止使用社群媒體並不足以解決問題，政府應重新思考如何規範這些平台，並確保企業對其設計決策負責。

(翻譯)2. 如果你不是個登山愛好者的話，我想與你分享一個十分重要的道理。任何事情在遠處看起來總是比較可怕。上山的路高聳入雲，由下往上看，路太陡、太滑、太危險，感覺那真是高不可攀。有些路看起來如此令人懼怕，以致於你可能連試也不想試，就想回頭。很久以前我就學會了應對之道。不要緊盯著前方，擔心前方的危險。那只是在浪費時間，對解決問題毫無助益。替代的是，你應該專心對付腳下小區域，一步一步向前走。有趣的是，當你達到艱險之處的時候，這些地方並不是想像中的那麼難。

Paraphrase the provided passage and design a five-blank cloze test based on your paraphrased version. Please provide both the five questions (blanks) and their corresponding answers.   Pikas, often called "real-life Pikachus," are small mammals closely related to rabbits. Inhabiting high-altitude regions, they rely on their dense fur to survive freezing temperatures. Unlike hibernating animals,pikas stay active year-round, diligently gathering and drying plants during summer to ensure they haveenough food for the winter. However, their survival is now threatened by rising temperatures, as their thickcoats make them highly sensitive to heat. Additionally, human activities, such as poisoning campaigns incertain regions, further endanger their populations. Although pikas are not yet globally endangered, therapid disappearance of local groups serves as a warning that we must protect these delicate mountainecosystems before it’s too late.

In an era where AI can generate language instantly, has the value of language learning changed? From the perspectives of interpersonal interaction, emotional expression, and authentic communication, discuss how English teachers should redefine the goals of language teaching.

IV、Teaching Activity Design（共20分） In recent years, students have increasingly relied on social media platforms (such as Threads andInstagram) to access and share information. However, when reposting, modifying, or sharing content, manystudents overlook important issues such as copyright, information credibility, and media ethics, indicatinga need to strengthen their media literacy. Design a 50-minute activity for 10th-grade students that aims toenhance their media literacy. Your design may include topics such as digital copyright, evaluatinginformation credibility, or responsible use of social media. Your answer should include: ● detailed learning objectives ● teaching procedures (pre-task, while-task, and post-task), durations and their purposes ● the formative and summative assessments

1. Mechatronics

2. Human-Machine Interface

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