3.美國體育課程學者Jewett、Bain和Ennis於1985年基於價值取向理論提出哪五種體育課程模 式？(5分)

4.請就「適應體育教學模式（PAP-TE-CAModels）」中的「P」、「A」、「P」、「T」、「E」、「C」、「A」 分別寫出其中文名稱和簡要意涵。(14分)

5.試以一堂「籃球課」為例來說明「個人與社會責任模式(TPSR)」五項要件(關係時間、意識對談、 身體活動、團隊會議、自我反思時間)之主要目的及相關的教學安排？(10分)

一、克漏字出題 ：說明：請仔細閱讀以下文章後（＊無需改寫＊），設計符合大考趨勢、五題四選一的克漏字選擇題，並附上正確答案。 ＊請直接在答案卷上的文章上標記挖空處，並在答案卷上設計選項並標注正確答案。      Japan is dealing with a problem that’s just starting to sweep the world—an aging population combined with a shrinking work force. Therefore, aged Japanese are now being encouraged to work longer in life. By so doing, it is hoped that Japan’s government will save its increasingly burdened pension (i.e. payment received after retirement) system from going bankrupt. In2000, the Japanese could get a full pension from the government at 60. But starting from 2025, they won’t get any until they are65. What’s more, premiums paid by workers every month are set to rise while payouts they get after retirement fall.      To help workers to cope with this, Japan passed a law that requires companies to raise their retirement age from 60 to 65 or rehire their retired workers. The policy is a strain for employers. In a country where forced layoffs are a last resort, large companies traditionally have relied on retirement to reduce payrolls. They were just about to enjoy a big cut in personnel costs because of the mass retirement of Japan’s baby boomers. These people born between 1947 and 1949 make up 5.2 million members of the work force. Consequently, there has been much opposition from corporations to the new retirement law. A recent survey suggests that large corporations hesitate in raising their retirement ages. And, unlike the U.S., Japan has no law against discrimination based on age. Violators of the new law would face only “administrative guidance,” not penalties. Such resistance is hurting the effectiveness of the policy, which may thus prolong the aging problem.

二、混合題出題：說明：請仔細閱讀以下文章後（＊無需改寫＊），設計符合大考新式學測的混合題題組（共五小題）。出題類型需包含 選擇題、填充題、簡答題、整合歸納題型等。      Christopher Reeve was not only a gifted actor who played Superman in four movies, but also a man of various talents in real life. He was good at riding horses, playing the piano, and flying as a qualified pilot. With a family that he was deeply devoted to and a successful career, he was undoubtedly on top of the world.       However, on May 27, 1995, when Reeve was riding his horse in a competition, his horse stopped just as it was about to jump over a meter-high fence. Reeve fell forward over the head of his horse and landed on his head, breaking two bones in his back. The multiple fractures of his spine left him unable to move or breathe on his own. Suddenly, the man known as “Superman” was paralyzed from his neck down.       When Reeve regained consciousness after the accident, he was in the hospital, and he was suspended upside down. Then, he heard a man speaking with a Russian accent: it was his friend, the actor Robin Williams, doing an imitation of a doctor. Reeve laughed and felt uplifted. After all, he was still alive. Williams and Reeve had been friends since they were both students in a school of performing arts. As young actors, they had promised each other that whichever of them became successful, that one would help the other. Little did they realize that they would both become famous, and that the promise would mean so much to Reeve one day. Not only did Williams offer the emotional support of a genuine and close friend, but he also volunteered to pay Reeve’s massive medical bills. Reeve, though declining the financial offer, was touched by what lay behind it: the love and friendship of a precious friend.       Determined to maintain a positive attitude toward his life after the accident, Reeve went through months of therapy and trained himself to breathe without the assistance of a machine. Even though his doctors said that he would never be able to move again, Reeve continued to work hard and believe in himself. All of his efforts paid off, and he was able to move his index finger. Reeve followed up with the exciting progress and decided to “go forward” as he once said. His goal was to walk again. “I refuse to allow a disability to determine how I live my life,” Reeve said. “I don’t mean to be reckless, but setting a goal that seems a bit daunting actually is very helpful toward recovery.”       True to himself, Reeve was honest about his feelings, admitting that he sometimes cried for twenty minutes in the morning before gathering the strength to face the day. Yet, Reeve was not afraid to laugh at himself, bringing laughter to those around him. Perhaps most important of all, Reeve and his wife Dana established the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation to help those who suffered from spinal cord injuries and to find a cure for paralysis.       Though Christopher Reeve passed away in 2004, his spirit lives on. He once said, “I think a hero is an ordinary individual who finds strength to persevere…in spite of overwhelming obstacles.” Living up to his own definition of a hero, Reeve lived a life of unordinary perseverance and refused to give up on himself. With the unending light of hope and courage, he is a star that will never fall.

三、活動設計：(15 分) After reading the article below, please design two follow-up tasks for tenth-grade students to do. The first task should be designed based on the content of the article. The second task should help students explore the issue(s) related to the article. You are encouraged to include the following elements in your answer: objective, length, activity, and expected outcome. The Hidden Costs of Our Clothing      While you are out shopping for new clothes, what is your first thought when you choose something to buy? Is it the brand name, the style, or the price? For many, money is the main factor when they decide to buy something. People love saving money, but they often do not realize the hidden costs involved in the making of clothes.      The working conditions for people who make clothing in factories continue to be very bad in many regions around the world. In order for companies to be able to sell clothing cheaply and still make money, they must pay their workers very low wages. Also, the companies do not spend money on improving their workers’ often dirty and unsafe environments, which, in turn, usually leads to a marked increase in profits for these companies      Many people are unaware of these poor working conditions as well as the time and effort that factory workers spent making clothes. Therefore, a hypothesis has been put forward: If people were given the chance to learn about how their clothes were manufactured, then most of them wouldn’t buy products from companies that violate workers’ rights. Based on the hypothesis, an experiment in Germany was aimed at testing this hypothesis by attracting people with cheap T-shirts from a vending machine. After people inserted 2 euros into the machine, pictures showing on the screen demonstrated the poor working conditions in which the workers made these “cheap” T­shirts. They then had a choice between either continuing with their purchase or donating the money to a charity that helps poor workers in clothing factories. Ninety percent of the people chose the latter, which indicates that the vast majority of people have great sympathy for these workers and will choose not to support those companies.      What’s more, a minor factor that people also need to consider is the materials that are used to make clothes. Clothing companies want to make sure people buy new clothes frequently. Therefore, they intentionally use materials that are not meant to last a long time. This constant buying and discarding of clothing is creating more and more waste for landfills.      It may seem difficult, but people have the power to turn the situation around. First, people should only buy clothes produced by companies that provide safe and good working conditions for their factory workers. In addition, people should not buy clothing that may only be worn a few times and then thrown away. Thus, clothing companies that refuse to change their manufacturing processes will risk losing business if people choose not to support them. Without a doubt, people have not only the power but also a duty to make these changes happen in the clothing industry

四、英文寫作：請根據題目要求在答案卷上指定位置作答。(15 分) Please first (1) write a model essay on the following topic (200 words in length) and then (2) illustrate how you will teach/guide your students to master graph writing.提示：圖表顯示美國 18 至 29 歲的青年對不同類別之新聞的關注度統計。請依據圖表內容寫一篇英文作文，文長約200 個單詞。文分二段，第一段描述圖表內容，並指出關注度較高及偏低的類別；第二段則描述在這六個新聞類別 中，你自己較為關注及較不關注的新聞主題分別為何，並說明理由。[108 指考英文]

五、申論寫作：請根據題目要求在答案卷上作答。(15 分) ChatGPT, a chatbot launched by OpenAI in November 2022, has been widely used by people worldwide in just a few months since its release. How can ChatGPT help you in your English teaching? Please give 2 specific examples to show how you make it a good learning tool for any of the 4 basic language skills: listening, reading, writing and speaking. What might be the problems or obstacles that you may encounter while incorporating ChatGPT in your teaching? How would you deal with them?

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