8. Same conditions as the above question, find the total entropy change of the heat engine from b to a through the process of b→ c → d → a.

9. The figure shows three identical conducting spheres with these initial charges: A, -12Q, B, +8Q, C, 0. Here is the procedure for connecting and then disconnecting spheres with wire: Step 1: connect A and C and then disconnect； Step 2: connect B and C and then disconnect, moving C far away； Step 3: connect A and B and then disconnect. A and B have a center-to-center separation r. What is the magnitude of the final force between those two spheres? Answer by writing what goes in the blank in this equation: F = _kQ² / r².

10. The figure shows three situations in which the same charged particle is surrounded by a concentric Gaussian sphere. (1) sphere has radius R (2) sphere has radius 2R  (3) sphere has radius 2R and also surrounds a neutral metal spherical shell Rank the three situations according to the magnitude of the electric flux through the surface of the Gaussian sphere, greatest first. NOTE:請依序排列,並加註大於、小於、或等於符號(＞, ＜, or =)。

11. In the following figure, we have V = 9.0 V, C2 = 3.0 µF, and C4 = 4.0 µF, and all the capacitors are initially uncharged. When switch S is closed, a total charge of 20 µC passes through point a and a total charge of 8.0 µC passes through point b. What is capacitance C3 (uF)? 

12. An alpha particle (q = +2e, m = ) travels in a circular path of radius 4.50 cm in a uniform magnetic field with B = 1.20 T. Through what potential difference (volts) was it accelerated (from rest) to have the kinetic energy required for this path?

13. The figure shows a conducting bar sliding at speed along a wire in the shape of "U" through a uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the wire and bar: speed = 3.0 m/s, left-right width L = 5.0 m, induced emf = 360 V counterclockwise. What is the magnitude (T) of the magnetic field? 

14. The large space telescope that has been placed into Earth orbit has an aperture diameter of 2.40 meters. What angular resolution will this telescope achieve for visible light with a wavelength of  m? Please show the unit in radians.

15. The figure shows two particles moving in the negative direction of an x axis past an observer. Relative to the observer, particle A moves at speed 0.950c and particle B moves at speed 0.900c. What speed will A measure for B? 

16. The following figure is a plot of stopping voltage versus light frequency f in a photoelectric experiment with a certain metal with a work function Ф. What is the slope?

 (a) Find the angular acceleration of the pulley. 

(b) Assuming that the system starts from rest, find the speed of m₁ after it has fallen by H. 

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