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108年 - 108 輔仁大學碩士班招生考試_電機類：基礎心理學#111280

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)─心理學 | 年份：108年 | 選擇題數：40 | 申論題數：2

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)─心理學

選擇題 (40)

複選題
1.有關Major depresivedisrder 之治療效果,下列何者之描述正確? (A)Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) 能輔助藥物治療效果 (B)在STAR-D(Rushetal,2006)的研究中,發現了低估anti-depressant的治療效果 (C)施用Lithium作為治療方式時,是因其sidec較少 (D)Turner等人(2008)研究發現我們可能高估了抗憂鬱劑的治療效果
複選題
2.有關mood disorder 的病因學述,下列何者正確? (A)壓力可能導致 serotoninreceptors的敏感度改變 (B)對情緒刺激oversensitivity導致hippocampus過度活化 (C)因釋放cortisol 而啟動了 amygdala 及HPAaxis (D)Bipolar Disorder 的 heritability estimates 大約為46%
3.A key structure in the fear circuit is the : (A) Inferior colliculi (B) Amygdala (C)Cerebellum (D) Locus coeruleus
4. The second step in Mowrer's two-factor model includes_______conditioning, and the first step involve________conditioning. (A)classical, operant (B) operant, classical (C)classical,classical (D) operant, operant
5. The principal cognitive model for the etiology of agoraphobia is: (A) interoceptive conditioning (B) fear-of-fear hypothesis (C) dual cognitive processing model (D) contrast avoidance model
6.Which one is a personality trait characterized by a tendency to experience frequent and intense negative affect? (A) Extraversion (B) Neuroticism (C)Psychotism (D) Neurosis
7. In regard to neurobiological risk, OCD, BDD, and hoarding disorder seem to involve___________ (A) Medial prefrontal cortex (B) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (C) Fronto-striatal circuits (D) Anterior insula
8. People with OCD tend to have so called "thought-action fusion" problem. It means that person would have what kind of cognitive problem? (A) thinking about something is as morally wrong as engaging in the action (B)difficult to suppress a thought (C) thinking about an event can make it more likely to prevent (D) difficult to switch focus attention
9.Which one of statement of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is not correct ? (A) People with BDD are usually detail oriented (B) Self-worth is exclusively dependent on appearance (C) Consider attractiveness more important than others (D) Instead of looking at the whole, they examine some features at a time
10.People with hoarding disorder have several different types of problems. Which one is not correct ? (A) Difficulties with attention, categorization, and decision making (B) Poor concentrated abilities (C) Ability to see potential in each object (D) Avoidance behaviours
11.Which one of the following of Somatic Symptom-Related Disorders (SSRD) is not correct? (A) People suffer from SSRD will excessive attention to somatic symptoms (B) Disproportionate anxiety about one's health (C) Brain regions of SSRD are anterior insula and posterior cingulate cortex (D) SSRD does not appear to be heritable
12. In sum, what are the likely contributions for the reductions in hippocampal volume observed in people with schizophrenia? (A) stress reactivity, disrupted HPA axis (B)increased NMD A receptor activity, higher levels of glutamate (C) dys-regulated GABA neuron, blocked D2 receptor (D)decreased effective connectivity, less connectivity in brain white matter
13.Which one of sociocultural risk factors for schizophrenia that research has examined is not correct? (A) poverty (B) stigma (C) migration (D) urbanicity
14.What are two candidate genes that have been associated with schizophrenia? (A) COMT, CB1 (B) D1, DRD2 (C) CB1,CB2 (D) COMT, DRD2
15.Which of the following statements best captures the link between wanting, liking, and drinking according to a large prospective study? (A) Wanting and liking predicted more drinking among heavy drinkers (B)Wanting predicted more drinking for heavy drinkers； liking predicted more drinking for light drinkers. (C) Wanting, but not liking, predicted more drinking among heavy drinkers. (D) Sedation predicted less drinking for all types of drinking
16.能預測SubstanceUseDisorders pesonality factors下列何者為不正確? (A) Openness (B) Negative emotionality (C)Low constraint (D) Neuroticism
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17.下列何者有關eating disord的描述為正確? (A)以體重和身材作為其自我價值判斷的依據,因而感到自尊感低落 (B)以生態瞬間評估法調查發現,暴食前的負面情緒比暴食後的嚴重許多 (C)暴食症和嗜食症是以大量進食作為情緒調節的手段 (D)Serotonin 對 eating disorders 的重要性可能來自共病焦慮症的問題
18.有關pedophilic disorder的病因描述,下列何者不正确? (A)相較於一般人,pedophilic disorder 患者的智商明顯偏低 (B)神經認知功能有問題的比率較高 (C)有雄性激素(如:睪固酮)明顯偏高的問題 (D)傾向於有衝動與情緒調節不佳等問題
19.大熊因屢次在書店透過手機偷拍別人的裙底風光而遭到逮捕,經警察多次函送法院後,在審理該 案時法院要求大熊做心理鑑定,您覺得大熊可能會有下列何者問題? (A) exhibitionistic disorder (B) voyeuristic disorder (C)frotteuristic disorder (D)fetishistic disorder
20.有關externalizindisorders的描述,下列何者不正確? (A)男童罹患ADHD的比率大於女童 (B)有conduct disorder 的孩童傾向於敵意的解讀同儕行為 (C)罹患ADHD的孩童有lessactivationinfontalaras問題 (D)罹患conduct disorder 的孩童會有increased activation in amygdala entral stritum, and prefrontalcortex等問題
1.Psychologists study development for which of the following reasons: (A) development is casy and unifies the discipline around a central theory (B) developmental change is inhcrently not interesting and not worthy of study (C) what changes in childhood can help us understand adulthood (D) development cannot help inform the creation of social programs
2.With all the different perspectives available to psychologists, why would you want to review each one (A) they offer different, mutually exclusive perspectives on development (B) the perspective you choose will not mesh with other alternative perspectives (C) the perspective you choose will determinc the approach of your rescarch career (D) they offer different, but often complementary, perspectives on development carefully:
3.Four-year-old May was scen by Dr. Raymond, a clinical psychologist, to assess ber language development. Dr. Raymond decided to assess May's language development by giving her a Theory of Mind test that has well established test-retest psychomctric property. Dr. Raymond's choice of assessment in this instance would be: (A) valid and reliable (B) valid (C) valid but not reliable (D) reliablc but not valid
4.What does a heritability of 8 for intelligence mean? (A) The diffcrences in intelligence across the whole population are 80 percent attributable to environmental variations between that population's members. (B) The differences in intelligence across the whole population are 80 percent attributable to genetic variations between that population's members. (C) Eighty percent of a specific person's intelligence is caused by the interaction of her genes and environment. (D) Eighty percent of a specific person's intelligence is caused by her genes.
5.Which is an example of polygenic inheritance? (A) Scveral genes influcnce human eye color. (B) Single genc influences human color detection. (C) Several genes are influenced by human food intake. (D) Single gene is influenced by human food intake
6.Henry was born with eye muscles that made his eyes excessively converge. Although he had corrective surgery at age 7, his vision was never what would be considered normal. This is an example of a(n): (A) plastic period effect (B) critical period effect (C) acute remedy effect (D) visual field effect
7.Macie, a ten-month-old, has been prescnted with many pictures of other infants. She grows bored and does not look long at each of these pictures. According to researchers, Macie is experiencing_______ at this stage. And after a while, when the rescarchers present the image of an older man, Macie becomes quite attentive and looks much longer at this new image. According to researchers, Macie is now experiencing__________. (A) dishabituation； habituation (B) habituation； dishabituation (C) dishabituation； dishabituation (D) habituation； habituation
8.Yuki grows up in a home where Japanese is the only language spoken. Which of the following best describes Yuki? (A) At six months of age, she is able to distinguish between the sounds of "t" and "I', which are two phonemes in English but not in Japanesc. (B) She will always be able to distinguish betwecn the sounds of "Y' and "I" that are meaningful in English but not in Japanese. (C) She will never be able to distinguish between the sounds of "p" and "I" that are meaningful in English but not in Japanese. (D) She will always be able to distinguish between the sounds of "t" and "I' if she watches 5 minutes of English video every day.
9.Infants look longer at happy faces than sad faces while hearing a happy sound track. This is an example of (A) infants emotion expression intuition (B) social inference (C) intermodal perception (D) categorical perception
10. Automatic responses to particular forms of stimulation are_________，which are examined by physicians at routine healthy baby check-up appointment, because they can be__________. (A) affordances； be used to estimate the infant's future athletic abilities (B) affordances； reliably inform physicians about nervous system problems (C) reflex skills； be used to cstimate the infant's future athletic abilities (D) reflex skills； reliably inform physicians about nervous system problems
11.If 1.5-year-old Fay plays with a phone by holding it closc to his month to "sing" to it, he has (A) assimilated the phone into his idea of a microphone (B) acco ommodated his understanding of phones (C) accommodated her understanding of microphones (D) assimilated the microphone into his idea of a phone
12. By 1 ycar, infants come to understand the differences between what to expect from animate and inanimate objects. This would be represented by a 1-year-old infant looking longer when an: (A) animate object creates order from disorder (B) inanimate object creates order from disorder (C) animate object creates disorder from order (D) inanimate object creates disorder from order
13. At what age do infants first show specific bonds? When is separation distress first evident? (A) at birth； 8 montbs (B) at birth； 12 months (C) 6-7 months； 8 months (D) 6-7 months 12 months
14. Dr. Honda is a rescarcher doing cross-cultural rescarch in the United States and Japan. She will likely find that more Japancse infants appcar________ than do American infants. (A) avoidant (B) attached (C) resistant (D) disorganized
15. Envy, pride, and embarrassing are all considered as emotions (A) machiavellian (B) phylogenic (C) personality (D) self-conscious
16. Three-year-old Meilin told her mother that she "fied" a kite at school instead of saying that she "few" a kite. This illustrates________ , which is __________in language acquisition. (A) overextension； normal (B) underextension； abnormal (C) overregularization； normal (D) underregularization； abnormal
17. Russian speakers use different words for dark blue and light blue, whereas English speakers simply use "blue" for both. It has been found that native Russian speakers have a subtle advantage over English speakers in the ability to discriminate between blues that take different labels in Russian. The finding________. (A) rejects linguistic determinism theory (B) has nothing to do with linguistic relativity bypothesis (C) disapproves linguistic relativity hypothesis (D) supports linguistic relativity hypothesis emotions
18. Which of the following statements is NOT true? (A) Infants seem to have some sense of numerosity of small displays and some intuitive arithmetic skills. (B) Children with specific language impairment (SLl) are able to learn basic principles of arithmetic in ways that arc independent of their struggles with language. (C) Both Piaget and Vygotsky believed that cognitive development must be considered within broader sociocultural influences. (D) The concrete operational child starts to respond correctly to conversation and classification tasks.
19. Which of the following is an example of production deficit in children? (A) When young children spontaneously use strategies to improve their ability to recall information but fail to actually improve their memory. (B) When young children begin learning about memory strategies, they initially do not spontaneously use them to improve their ability to recall information. (C) When young children begin learning about memory strategies, they spontaneously use them to improve their ability to recall information right from the start. (D) When young children begin learning about memory strategies, their brain changes with the new experience but her mind remains the same.
20. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT (A) children who are diagnosed with conduct disorder show early antisocial behavior but the incidence of this behavior rapidly decreases with development (B) children who are diagnosed with conduct disorder regularly act in ways that violate social norms (C) children who are diagnosed with conduct disorder show a callous insensitivity in social interactions (D) children who are diagnosed with conduct disorder regularly transgress in ways that impinge on other's rights

申論題 (2)

1.過去有許多研究均指出幾項環境因素可能造思覺失調症,其中一項探討思覺失調症腦部異常的可能原因是來自出生前(母親懷孕時),亦或是初生時之腦部受損,然而為何人們早年的腦部受損害卻到了青少年或甚至成年早期才出現思覺失的問題呢?試說明其可能涉及的心理病理解釋。
2.傳統上DSM 系統對人格障礙症採用類別式的診斷取向有哪兩個主要問題?因而DSM-5 提出另一個 alternative model 來診斷人格障礙症,其診斷模式為何?另請簡述跨人格障礙症的common riskfactors 有哪些?