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110年 - 110 國立臺北教育大學_碩士班招生考試_心理諮商學系：心理學#113022

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)─心理學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：50 | 申論題數：0

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)─心理學

選擇題 (50)

1.( ) The axons of some neurons are surrounded by a fatty substance called myelin. These myelinated axons (A) can send a neural impulse in both directions within one neuron. (B) can transmit information, but cannot receive it. (C) transmit information more quickly than do unmyelinated axons. (D) function no differently than unmyelinated axons.
2. ( ) If someone received split-brain surgery and the name of an object is projected only to the right hemisphere of your brain, they would probably be able to (A) say the word. (B) describe the use of the object. (C) write the word. (D) pick out the object with the left hand.
3. ( ) In order to develop a sense of identity, the adolescent must (A) consolidate a consistent picture of how to behave and what to do with one's life. (B) first establish an intimate relationship around which to form the identity. (C) live in a society which offers clear limitations and prescriptions for behavior and possible roles. (D) establish identity in all areas of life at the same time.
4. ( ) A soldier dresses in dark splotchy "camouflage" clothing while hiding in terrain of the same color, trying to make it more difficult for the enemy to see. Camouflage interferes with which Gestalt principle of perceptual  organization?(A) good continuation (B) closure (C) figure-ground (D)similarity
5. ( ) As one moves from stage 1 sleep to stage 4 sleep, one becomes (A) less easily awakened. (B) more easily awakened. (C) likely to dream. (D) more physiologically aroused because one is getting closer to REM  sleep.
6. ( ) Although there may be different types of memory systems, each system utilizes the three basic stages of (A) working store, consolidation, and long-term store. (B) acquisition, consolidation, and forgetting. (C) storage, remembering, and forgetting. (D) encoding, storage, and retrieval.
7. ( ) The word "dawn" appears in a list of words you try to memorize. Thirty minutes later, you are asked to recall the list, but your recall is wrong. Which word would you be most likely to recall instead of "dawn"? (A)fawn(B)sun(C)morning (D) down
8. ( ) Addiction to drugs probably occurs because the drugs (A) activate the dopamine system. (B) produce unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. (C) sensitize reward neurons. (D) All of the above are true.
9. ( ) The most common basis for differentiating between emotion and motivation assumes that the emotion is aroused by_______ and that motivation is aroused by_______ (A) drives； instincts. (B) instincts； drives. (C) internal events； external events. (D) external events； internal events.
10.( )One point on which Walter Cannon argued against the James-Lange theory of emotions was that autonomic arousal is too slow to account for the different emotional experiences. More recent researchers suggest that______do operate quickly enough to account for the speed with which emotions arise. (A) sympathetic responses (B) cognitive appraisals (C) limbic responses (D) blood flow and brain temperature
11. ( ) A proposed reason for the gender difference typically seen in emotional expression is that males regulate their emotions to maintain or demonstrate (A) interpersonal relationships. (B) their lack of fear. (C) their power. (D) their emotional experience.
12.( )What is the most common "buffer" explaining the "immoral" violence during warlike situations? (A) the importance of the case (B) the clear chain of command (C) the remoteness of the person from the final act violence (D) the banality of evil
13. ( ) A researcher is collecting data in an auditory signal detection task. She notices that one participant is making many more correct rejections than false alarms and many more misses than hits. This outcome most likely would oceur if the (A) Participant is a yes sayer. (B) Cost of false alarm is low. (C) Participant's hearing is very good. (D) Participant is a no sayer.
14. ( ) Abias based on the anchoring heuristic resulted when (A) The recollection of past events in one's life causes depression (B) One does not see other potential uses for an object (C) Judgments are unduly influenced by initial estimates (D) Judgments are based on typical members of a category
15. ( ) At her school's talent show, Noa answers questions about politics while spinning basketballs on her fingers. The question and answering mostly require _______memory, whereas the ball spinning mostly requires _______ memory. (A) implicit； procedural (B) procedural； declarative (C) declarative； procedural (D) implicit； declarative
16. ( ) When classical conditioning contributes to drug tolerance, the conditioned stimulus is (A) the body's compensatory reaction to the drug (B) the setting in which individuals take the drugs (C) the high the drugs five when individuals take them (D) the infusion of drugs into their bodies.
17. ( ) Remembering your bank account number (2171988) as your birthday (February 17, 1988) is an example of_____ (A) The PQ4R method (B) The Brown-Peterson distractor technique (C) Chunking (D) The method of loci
18. When asked if there was a fever thermometer in her doctor's office, Careen says she remember seeing one, even though it wasn't actually there. This is an example of_____ , which is influenced by_____ (A) Constructive memory ； schemas (B) The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon ； selective attention (C) The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon ； schemas (D) Constructive memory : selective attention
19. ( ) Berean studied French during his first year at college and then started learning Spanish in his second year. Now he is having difticulty remembering his Spanish vocabulary because the French words keep popping into his mind. This is an example of (A) Retrograde amnesia (B) Proactive inhibition (C) Retroactive inhibition (D) Anterograde amnesia
20. ( ) Dr. Sand is sure that Ahmed has appendicitis and as a result he pays more attention to test results that are consistent with appendicitis than to results that suggest a different problem. Dr. Sand has fallen victim to (A) function fixedness (B) confirmation bias (C) a mental model (D) the availability heuristic
21. ( ) Donders's main reason for doing his choice reaction time experiment was to study (A) sensation. (B) childhood attachment styles. (C) decision making (D) personality development
22. ( ) Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli? (B) Filtering (A) Early selection (C) Channeling (D) Dichotic listening
23. ( ) Which of the following illustrates how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible? (A) Inattentional blindness. (B) Change blindness. (C) Binding. (D) Illusory conjunctions.
24. ( ) Illusory conjunctions are (A) combinations of features from different stimuli. (B) misidentified objects using the context of the scene. (C) combinations of features from the masking field and the stimuli. (D) features that are consistent across different stimuli.
25. 一旦刻板印象被活化,就會啟動一連串行為歷程,引發他人行為,肯定最初的刻板印象。此一效應稱為: (A)歧視 (B)偏見(C)自我實現預言(D)畢馬龍效應
26.下列情況下,何種態度對行為預測力最差: (A)跟行為有具體關聯的態度 (B)以個人直接經驗為基礎的態度 (C)強烈但不一致的態度 (D)當個人覺察其態度時
27.下列何種因素不為吸引力重要因素之一: (A)外表吸引力(B)接近性(C)熟悉性(D)相異性
28.( )下列何者未經實驗證明,與歸因思考模式有關? (A)文化(B)國籍(C)深思熟的控制(D)無意識的自動化
29. 根據下列何種理論,我們的行動和表達態度,会反映出某一特定認同之社會團體的原型? (A)社會認同取向(social identity proach (B)社會讚許效應(socialdesirbilityfe (C)社會學習理論(social-learnngtheory (D)社會刻板印象(social stereotype)
30.下列何者可能幫助人們克服刻板印象的影響? (A)覺察後嘗試壓抑負面想法與感受(B)活化與促發刻板印象的基模 (C)自動化評估 (D)個別化的觸發
31.下列何者「不是」産生旁觀者效應的主要原因? (A)多數無知(B)責任分散(C)缺乏助人楷模 (D)順從多數
32.( )以下關於社會影響人們順從與服從態度的描述,何者有誤? (A)人會在定義模糊的情境中跟隨別人的作法,此類從眾,稱為訊息性社會影響(informational social influence)。 (B)當人想融入團體、被團體接受而順從團體規範或典型行為,此類從眾,稱為規範性社會影響(normativesocialinfluence (C)只要少數人表現出一致立場,即有機會達成少數人影響(minority influence)。 (D)多數人有時欲表現公平,而會允許少數人暢所欲言,此稱為內隱寬容契約(implicit leniency contract)。
33.下列何者不為壓力的生理反應? (A)自主神經系統的交感神經導致心跳加快。 (B)腎上腺皮質刺激素刺激腎上腺皮質釋放多巴胺,調節血液中葡萄糖及礦物質的濃度。 (C)壓力第二階段為抵抗期,以打或逃反應來因應壓力源。 (D)壓力第三階段為耗竭期,雖用盡生理資源,但無法有效戰勝或逃離壓力情境。
34.下列何種「不是」負面事件可能被視為壓力的關鍵因素? (A)可控制性(B)可預測性(C)持續時間(D)影響範圍
35.下列何者「不是」A型性格之成因? (A)容易被激發敵意 (B)容易被激發憤怒 (C)時間急迫感 (D)追求成就的競爭性
36. 壓力長期持續,打或逃反應可能會促進何者分泌,而抑制免疫系统? (A)可體松(cortisol) (B)多巴胺(dopamine) (C)促甲狀腺激素(Thyroid-stimulating hormone )(D)甲狀腺激素(thyroid hormones)
37.大偉結婚一年,雖然正在經歷婚姻中的大小爭執,但仍然選擇向家人報喜不報憂,回家只說伴侶的好而不說吵架的事情,以避免家人對其伴侶的負評。請問他使用的是下列何者因應策略? (A)迴避因應(avoidantcoping) (B)情緒壓抑(emotional suppression) (C)前瞻式因應(proactive coping) (D)問題焦點因應(problem-focused coping)
38.下列何者關於壓力管理技巧的敘述有誤? (A)實驗室研究結果證明,心跳和血壓可以經由學習而改變。 (B)經研究證實,生理回饋訓練能有效治療偏頭痛與緊張性頭痛。 (C)除藥物和心理治療外,增加運動量也對預防與減緩憂鬱症患者的症狀有效。 (D)手握冰塊練習,可以幫助人們增進對情緒的覺察進而放鬆。
39.下列何者不在五大人格特質因素模式(“BigFive”)中? (A)開放性(Openness) (B)嚴謹性(Conscientiousness) (C)友善性(Agrecableness) (D)優化性(Rigidity)
40.( )關於明尼蘇连人格測驗(MMPI)的敘述,何者為真? (A)運用效標關鍵法,效標組是診斷為妄想症的住院患者。 (B)納入效度量尺,因此能偵測出無效分數。 (C)結果解釋根據各因素分數的常模,可判斷人格特質。 (D)最主要功能是評估心理困擾與區分心理疾病。
41. 下列何者關於防衛機制的敘述有誤? (A)因吃不到而說葡萄酸,即是合理化(rationalization)的例子。 (B)藉由抽象理性的說法,來隱藏真正動機,稱為反向作用(reaction formation)。 (C)誇大自己不願承認的動機,且轉嫁到別人身上,稱為投射 (projection )。 (D)將無法滿足的動機,藉由另一個管道表達或處理,稱為替代 (displacement)。
42.下列何者關於投射測驗(Projectivetst)的描述有誤? (A)投射測驗呈現模糊刺激,使個人可以按照他所希望的方式表達反應,故可將自己的性格投射在刺激上,透露有關自己的事情。 (B)羅夏克墨漬測驗(Rorschach Test)由Hery Murray發展,試圖找出受測者故事中基本主題,反應出受測者的需求、動機或處理人際關係的方式。 (C)主题統覺測驗(Thematic Apperception Test)施測方式為邀請受試者針對圖片進行自由聯想並說出心中出現的故事。 (D)羅夏克墨漬測驗針對美國少數族群施測結果的信效度較差。
43. 關於性格是來自基因遗是環境的影響,以下敘述何者有誤? (A)不同人面對相同環境時,會產生不同的解釋、經驗與回應方式,此為回應式交互作用(reactive interaction)。 (B)不同人的性格會引起別人特定的反應,稱為喚起式交互作用 (evocative interaction)。 (C)當孩子長大後會選擇屬於自己的環境,而環境又會對他的性格產生影響,稱為人境交互作用(personal-environmental interaction) (D)共享環境對於性格變異的解釋幾乎毫無作用。
44.下列何者不使用多元智力理論? (A)魏氏智力量表(Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) (B) Anderson 智力理論(Anderson's Theory of Intelligence ) (C)史坦伯格三元理論(StembergsTriarchic Theory) (D)Gardner多元智力理論(Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence)
複選題
45.下列何者因素與智力無關? (A)基因遺傳(B)情緒調節能力(C)性別與性取向(D)年齡
46.下列關於情緒的描述,何者有誤? (A)努力壓抑臉部肌肉活動可能干擾認知功能。 (B)分心比反芻(不斷重複思考悲傷或慣怒的原因和結果)能更有效調節情緒。 (C) Plantet al.(2000)研究指出,相較於男性,當憤怒與悲傷情緒混合表情出現在女性臉孔時,受試者認為情緒憤怒程度較高。 (D)文化會影響人想要擁有的情緒以及情緒表達方式。
47.( )下列何者不為「心理作用藥物」容易成癮(Addiction)的因素之一? (A)成瘾藥物能直接作用於多巴胺系統而同時作用於愉悅和誘因系統。 (B)重複使用成癮藥物會產生不愉快的戒斷症狀。 (C)成瘾藥物可能導致腦部誘因系统的永久改變而神經敏感化。 (D)成癮患者自制能力與改變動機不足。
48.腦部對於營養素含量敏感的訊號,來自於下列哪個臓器的神經受器? (A)胰臟 (B)肝臟 (C)胃 (D)小腸
49.下列何者關於飲食疾患的描述為真? (A)生理引發的原因,可能為下視丘功能異常或血清素不足。 (B)飲食疾患與年齡、性別無關。 (C)神經性厭食症(anorexi nervosa)的特徵,在於極端的自我強迫減重,歐美30歲至40歲之間的女性盛行率高。 (D)貪食症(bulimia)的特徵在於暴飲暴食,但可搭配催吐加以排除熱量,因此較不會影響身體健康。
複選題
50.下列何者關於性取向的描述為真? (A)個人的性取向認同通常是天生的而無法改變。 (B)描述一個人性取向的方法是男性或女性。 (C)投射性測驗是目前公認最能辨識出性取向的方法之一。 (D)若一個生理男性愛上另一個生理男性,他仍有可能自我認同為異性戀。

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