10. The RNA editing includes ________ to ________ and ________ to ________.
(A) cytidine, inosine, adenosine, uridine
(B) cytidine, uridine, adenosine, inosine
(C) cytidine, uridine, adenosine, uridine
(D) uridine, adenosine, cytidine, uridine
(E) uridine, cytidine, inosine, adenosine

6. The mechanical changes that ribosomes undergo are driven by energy from ________. (A) a chemical gradient (B) ADP hydrolysis (C) ATP hydrolysis (D) an electrochemical gradient (E) GTP hydrolysis

7. What is the name of the gene that makes the RNA thought to be responsible for the inactivation if the X chromosome in mammalian cells? (A) HOTAIR (B) JPX (C) XIST (D) PIWI (E) TNF alpha

8. What is operator? (A) The site on the DNA where the repressor binds (B) The site on the DNA where DNA polymerase binds (C) The site on the DNA where reverse transcriptase binds (D) The repressor (E) The activator

9. Extending the DNA sequences of the end of chromosomes requires ________? (A) Endonuclease (B) Telomerase (C) Kinase (D) RNA helicase (E) RNA polymerase II

11. Which of the following CANNOT be detected by In Situ hybridization? (A) The localization of a specific RNA (B) The localization of a gene in cells (C) The expression of RNA (D) The expression of protein (E) Telomere

12. What is more important for UV induced lesions? (A) nucleotide excision repair (B) base excision repair (C) mismatch repair (D) nonhomologous end joining (E) homologous recombination

13. Which description is INCORRECT for cell cycle? (A) The cycle is ceased at G0 phase (B) Chromosome is condensed at M-phase (C) DNA synthesis is at S phase (D) Cells stop growing at G1 phase (E) Cells have duplicated chromosomes at G2 phase

14. Which statement of SARS-CoV-2 is INCORRECT? (A) It is an RNA virus with positive strand RNA genome (B) It requires RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to synthesize the virus genome (C) Spike proteins on surface is important for the infection (D) Remdesivir targets spike protein to inhibit virus replication (E) The SARS-Cov2 produces subgenomic RNAs

15. Which statement of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaces short palindromic repeats) is INCORRECT? (A) CRISPR are DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms (B) Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences known as CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to edit genes (C) CRISPR are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophage genome (D) CRISPR are DNA sequences found in mammalian cells (E) CRISPR play a key role in antiviral defense system

16. A mutation that changes a serine codon to a stop codon is called a ________. (A) Missense mutation (B) Silence mutation (C) Nonsense mutation (D) Frameshift mutation (E) Suppressor mutation