12. Consider the following orderings.
 I. Al＜Si＜P＜Cl        II. Be＜Mg＜Ca＜Sr
III. I＜Br＜Cl＜F         IV. Na⁺ ＜Mg²⁺＜Al³⁺＜Si⁴⁺
Which of these give (s) a correct trend in ionization energy?
(A) III
(B) I, II
(C) I, IV
(D) III, IV
(E) I, III, IV

8. Which of the following is the correct order for molecules from most to least polar? (A) CH4 > CF2Cl2 > CF2H2 > CCl4 > CCl2H2 (B) CH4 > CF2H2 > CF2Cl2 > CCl4 > CCl2H2 (C) CF2Cl2 > CF2H2 > CCl2H2 > CH4 = CCl4   (D) CF2H2 > CCl2H2 > CF2Cl2 > CH4 = CCl4 (E) CF2Cl2 > CF2H2 > CCl4 > CCl2H2 > CH4

9. Which of the following molecules exhibits chirality? I. 1-chloroethanol II. 2-chloroethanol III. 2-chloropropane IV. 2-chlorobutane V. 3-chloropentane (A) I, III (B) II, IV (C) II, III (D) I, IV (E) II, V

10. At a particular temperature, 12.0 moles of SO3 is placed into a 3.0 L rigid container, and the SO3 dissociates by the reaction 2SO3(g)⇌ 2SO2(g) + O2(g)At equilibrium, 3.0 moles of SO2 is present. Calculate K for this reaction. (A) 0.033 (B) 0.056 (C) 0.44 (D) 0.22 (E) 0.55

11. Assuming that the combustion of hydrogen gas provides three times as much energy per gram as gasoline, calculate the volume of liquid H2 (density = 0.0710 g/mL) required to furnish the energy contained in 80.0 L (about 20 gal) of gasoline (density = 0.740 g/mL). Calculate also the volume that this hydrogen would occupy as a gas at 1.00 atm and 25°C. At 1.00 atm and 25°C, the hydrogen gas needed to replace 20 gal of gasoline occupies a volume of                   L. (A) 277 (B) 19700 (C) 59200 (D) 239000 (E) 977000

13. A 0.739-g sample of an iron ore is dissolved in acid. The iron is then reduced to Fe2+ and titrated with 47.22 mL of 0.02242 M KMnO4 solution. Calculate the results of this analysis in terms of % Fe (55.847 g/mol). (A) 16 (B) 22 (C) 32 (D) 40 (E) 50

14. Which of the following are paramagnetic?  O2 O2– O22– B2 C2 N2 F2 P2 (A) O2, O22– , B2 (B) O2–, C2, N2 (C) B2, F2, P2 (D) O22–, N2, F2 (E) O2, O2–, B2

15. Name the following:   (A) 1-chloro-2-methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane (B) 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3- chlorocyclopentane (C) 1-chloro-3-ethyl -2-methylcyclopentane (D) 3-chloro-1-ethyl -2-methylcyclopentane (E) 3-chloro-2-methyl -1-ethylcyclopentane

1. Which of the followings is NOT true for cilia or flagella? (A)They are involved in cell motility. (B)They require ATP to work. (C)They are composed of microfilaments. (D)They require motor proteins to work. (E)They are composed of an internal structure called the axoneme.

2. Which would be the most accurate endomembrane route through which a protein is secreted from a cell? (A)Golgi apparatus→lysosome→vesicles→plasma membrane (B)plasmid→plasma membrane→nuclear envelope→smooth endoplasmic reticulum (C)nuclear envelope→vesicles→Golgi apparatus→plasma membrane (D)rough endoplasmic reticulum→lysosomes→vesicles→cell membrane (E)rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus→vesicles →plasma membrane

3. Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? (A)catalysis (B)metabolism (C)anabolism (D)dehydration (E)catabolism