16. Alu element and the _____ element use the same mechanism for their transposition.
(A) P-element
(B) L1-
(C) Tyl-
(D) Tn3-
(E) Tn5-

17. Mismatch repair of newly replicated DNA can be facilitated by _____(A) nicking of the parental strand in bacteria (B) nicking of the nascent strand in prokaryotes (C) methylation of the GATC in parental strand in eukaryotes (D) methylation of the GATC in parental strand in prokaryotes (E) methylation of the GATC in nascent strand in prokaryotes

18. Holiday junction can be found at _____(A) replication forks (B) chromosome bivalents during meiosis (C) sister chromosomes during mitosis (D) integrating retrovirus (E) infectious adenovirus

19. The initial double strand cut of homologous recombination is catalyzed by _____(A) Rec A (B) Rec B, C, & D (C) SSB (D) Ruv A &B (E) Spoll

20. The synthesized Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand can be connected by the _____ enzyme to form nascent continuous DNA strand. (A) ligase (B) DNA polymerase III (C) RecA (D) telomere (E) topoisomerase I

21. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic RNA's differ in that: (A) rRNA molecules are only subunits of the prokaryotic ribosome. (B) Eukaryotes have a pre-mRNA that requires splicing to create the functional transcript (C) Prokaryotes have non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA-transcript processing (D) Eukaryotes have simpler ribosomes, consisting of fewer subunits. (E) None of these.

22. Which of the following is a way in which RNA synthesis does not differ from DNA synthesis? (A) Precursors are ribonucleoside triphosphates. (B) Only one strand of DNA is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA chain in any given reaction. (C) The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA is identical to the nontemplate strand of DNA except that U substitutes for T. (D) RNA chains can be initiated de novo. (E) None of these

23. A bacterial (prokaryotic) ribosome is composed of _____ subunits. (A) 20S & 40S (B) 30S & 50S (C) 40S & 60S (D) 20S & 60S (E) 50S & 70S

24. Nonsense codons are (A) codons that code for multiple amino acids. (B) codons that code for no amino acids. (C) codons that code for the same amino acids. (D) codons that can be read forward or backward. (E) codons that code for start codons.

25. All of the amino acids, except Proline, contain: (A) A free amine group (B) A free carboxyl group (C) A free R group (D) A free amine group and A free carboxyl group (E) A free carboxyl group and A free R group

26. A single DNA unit that enables the simultaneous regulation of more than one gene in response to environmental changes is called (A) promoter. (B) operator. (C) regulator. (D) inducer. (E) operon.

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