20. Which is not the valid thermodynamic equation?
(A) U = H - PV
(B) S = ‧ln(W)
(C) H = G + ST
(D) A = U-ST
(E) + RT ln (K)

21. For CaCl2, the absolute value of the enthalpy of hydration is larger than the lattice enthalpy. This means that for CaCl2 (A) the enthalpy of solution is exothermic. (B) the lattice enthalpy is negative. (C) the enthalpy of hydration is positive. (D) the entropy changes of solution is smaller than 0. (E) the solubility increases when the temperature increases.

22. A mixture of two liquids, A and B, forms a minimum boiling azeotrope. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this mixture? (A) The vapor pressure of the mixture is lower than that predicted by Raoult's law. (B) The intermolecular forces between A and B molecules are stronger than those between A-A and B-B molecules. (C) Fractional distillation may be used to completely separate A and B from the azeotropic mixture. (D) The boiling point of the azeotrope is lower than that of either pure A or pure B. (E) The above statements are all correct.

23. Which of the following statements is true? (A) When the value of reaction quotient Q is large, the equilibrium lies on the product side of the equilibrium reaction. (B) An equilibrium constant value significantly less than 1 indicates that the equilibrium concentrations of the products are much smaller than those of the reactants. (C) When the value of K is large, the equilibrium lies on the reactant side of the equilibrium reaction. (D) A large value of Q means that the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants are small compared to the equilibrium concentrations of the products. (E) When the value of Q is small, the forward reaction is spontaneous.

24. What is the relationship between Kp and Kc for the reaction below? N2H4(l) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g) (A) (B)(C) (D)(E)

25. At constant temperature, consider a equilibrium reaction, 3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O(g) ⇌ 4 H2(g) + Fe3O4(s). If the volume of the container is reduced (A) is increased. (B) is decreased. (C) is increased. (D) is decreased. (E) The above answers are all incorrect.

26. The reaction 2 NO(g) + 2 H2(g) → N2(g) + 2 H2O(g) is first order in H2 and second order in NO. Starting with equal concentrations of H2 and NO, the rate after 30% of the H2 has reacted is what percent of the initial rate? (A) 3% (B) 27% (C) 34% (D) 49% (E) 70%

27. The superheavy synthetic element Tennessine (Ts) is the most recently discovered element so far. The nuclear fusions reaction for producing Ts: Berkelium (Bk) used in this reaction is also a synthetic element. What is the element X? (A) (B)(C) (D)(E)

28. Which of the following amino acids has a thiol side chain and forms disulfide bonds that play an important role in the folding and stability of proteins (A) asparagine (B) cysteine (C) lysine (D) methionine (E) threonine

29. The high density (＞ 19 g/cm³) of tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold metals is due to (A) Born-Oppenheimer approximation (B) iron group effect (C) island of stability theory (D) lanthanide contraction (E) lazy pair effect

30. The rate law for the following mechanism is Cl2(g) ⇌ 2 Cl(g)                                    both fast, equilibrium constant K1, Cl(g) + CO(g) ⇌ COCl(g)                      both fast, equilibrium constant K2  COCl(g) + Cl2(g) → COCl2(g) + Cl(g)   k3, slow (A) (B)(C) rate = k3K1K2Cl2 (D) rate = k3CO (E) rate = K1K2k3[CO]

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