23. Which of the following approach is NOT generally used to reduce or diminish a specific target gene expression in the cell?
(A) small interference RNA (siRNA)
(B) CRISPR/Cas9
(C) MicroRNA
(D) Small hairpin RNA (shRNA)
(E) Long non-coding RNA (IncRNA)

複選題19. Which of the following description about RNA editing is (are) correct? (A) RNA editing occurs in kinetoplasts. (B) RNA editing proceeds in a 5'→3' direction (C) gRNAs form wobble base pairs with pre-mRNA and direct both insertion and deletion of UMPs in pre-mRNA (D) The cytidine deaminases acting on RNA (CDAR) carries out C to G transversion for RNA editing. (E) Endonuclease, terminal uridylyl transferase (TUTase), and ligase are required for removing UTP from pre-mRNA.

複選題20. Which of the following is (are) involved in RNA interference? (A) Dicer (B) Argonaut 2 (ago2) (C) ATP (D) R2D2 (E) C3PO

複選題21. Which of the following is (are) description about miRNA is (are) correct? (A) miRNA blocks translation initiation and elongation (B) miRNA causes mRNA degradation (C) miRNA activates translation (D) miRNA can be processed from spliced introns (E) Biogenesis of miRNA occurs in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.

22. Recombinant spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is currently used for COVID-19 vaccination. Which of the following approach is NOT applied for the recombinant protein production from eukaryotic cells? (A) Identify coding sequence of target protein from NCBI, gene bank or GIASID database (B) Generate an expression construct with the target gene driven by a T7 promoter (C) Generate an expression construct with the target gene driven by a CMV promoter (D) Incorporate the target gene with an extra tag (such as his, Fc, myc, flag etc) for purification (E) Transfection the expression construct into a cell line such as CHO cells

24. Which of the following epigenetic modification is NOT maintained in daughter cells after cell division? (A) DNA methylation (B) DNA phosphorylation (C) Histone methylation (D) Histone acetylation (E) Histone phosphorylation

25. Which of the following enzyme is essential for the replication of a virus with a minus-strand RNA genome? (A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (B) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (C) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (E) Reverse transcriptase

26. Which of the following approach does NOT discriminate the Omicron variant from the wild type SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swabs? (A) Next generation sequencing (B) RT-PCR using variant-specific primer sets (C) Neutralizing antibody detection (D) Viral antigen detection (E) Hybridization gene chip

27. What is the key enzyme complex which activity is blocked by the G2/M DNA damage repair mechanism before mitotic entry? (A) Cyclin A/Cdk2 (B) Cyclin D/Cdk6 (C) Cyclin A/Cdk1 (D) Cyclin B/Cdk1 (E) Cyclin D/Cdk4

28. Which of the following technology can be used for genome editing? (A) CRISPR/Cas9 (B) Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) (C) Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) (D) Editing by Nucleobase Modification (BASE editing) (E) All of the above

29. Small ribosome subunits scan for initiation sites on eukaryotic mRNA. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) Cap binding complex contains eIF4G. (B) Cap binding complex contains eIF4A. (C) Cap binding complex contains eIF5. (D) 43S pre-initiation complex contains eIF1. (E) 43S pre-initiation complex contains eIF2.