27. Which one below cannot be used to identify the function of genes?
(A)Gene knock-out
(B) CRISPR-Cas9 system
(C) RNAi method
(D)Genome-wide association study
(E)Sanger sequencing

23. Which one does not involve in an activation of operon in E. coli? (A)Promoter (B) Regulatory gene (C) Operator (D)Repressor (E)RNA polymerase

24. Eukaryotic cells originally have the same genomes, but the cell have developed and have different functions. The best explanation of this phenomenon is_________. (A)All cells have housekeeping genes that expressed unequally. (B) Some cells have differentiated and lost some of the important gene fragments. (C) Cells with specific function when specific genes expressed differentially in these cells. (D)Some cells have evolved during the development and have gain new mutations. (E)Some cells have been affected by the amount of gene copies that they carried for a specific function.

25. The DNA sequencing techniques have been evolving fast since 2004. Which technology is used in the first generation of the next-generation sequencing? (A)Sequencing by termination (B) Sequencing by synthesis (C) Sequencing by expansion (D)Sequencing by nanopore (E)Sequencing by fluorescence

26. What is the technique to use when you check if you have been infected by COVID-19 virus? (A)DNA cloning (B) Restriction site associated DNA sequencing (C) Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (D)Plasmids cloning and recombination (E)PCR based Illumina sequencing

28. The human genome project began in 1990 and completed in 2003, during the 13 years, the scientists have been using which technique to complete this task? (A)Whole genome shotgun approach (B) Sanger sequencing (C) NGS (D)Illumina (E)Pyrosequencing

29. Which one below does not seemly to fit into the field in system biology? (A)Bioinformatics (B) Genomics (C) Gene and protein network (D)Proteomics (E)DNA editing via gene knock-out

30. In Darwin's concepts of evolution, descent with modification, from the book the origin of species, which one was NOT included? (A)Natural selection (B) Adaptation (C) Sexual selection (D)Homology-traits descended from common ancestor (E)Beneficial genetic mutation

31. Which description about the DNA methylation is incorrect? (A)DNA methylation would affect the gene expression. (B) DNA methylation would cause gene mutation. (C) DNA methylation would be still in effect after cell division. (D)The removal of the extra methy! group would turn the genes back on. (E)DNA methylation is a research area in epigenetic inheritance.

32. From the media, we have encountered news of scientists used a phylogenetic tree to represent the evolution of SARS-Cov2 virus genomes. Which kind of information could not be extracted from this phylogenetic tree? (A)The time of a certain strain of virous have evolved. (B) The current and historical events of diversification of the virus strains. (C) The possible number of mutations accumulated in a year. (D)The relatedness and the genetic distance of one strain to another. (E)The functional change of a mutation.

33. Which one below does not maintain and/or increase the genetic variation within a human population? (A)Mutation (B) Sexual reproduction (C) Gene duplication (D)Genetic drift (E)Recombination