29. The author claims that the “scientific approach has paid increasingly rich dividends in knowledge, however.” What does it most likely mean? (A) The scientific approach has paid off in terms of producing new knowledge. (B) The scientific approach has made great profits in the biochemical industry. (C) We have known a great deal of knowledge about the scientific approach to business. (D) We have made a lot of money by using the scientific approach to solving problems. 語文類(一) 專業科目(一) 第 5 頁共 8 頁 You have already studied English for at least six or eight years. You know already something about the parts of speech and the forms and relations of words, like singular and plural, subject and predicate, etc. Now we want to make a more general study of the different forms and relations, and this we call the study of English grammar. Probably you have heard that grammar is difficult and dry. This is not true. It is difficult and dry if you study it in the wrong way; that is, you try only to remember the rules and definitions. It should not be difficult or uninteresting if you study the many living idioms and forms of expressions, and find out how an Englishman would express an idea which you have in mind. To study how English people express an idea and compare it with the Chinese way is always useful, and sometimes highly interesting.

37. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, what does the boldfaced word “deleterious” most likely mean? (A) Calming. (B) Deliberate. (C) Beneficial. (D) Harmful. Wherever people live together in communities, disputes are bound to arise. Among animals, conflicts result in victory for the stronger or quicker. But human beings believe that in an argument the one who is right should win. Sometimes an argument can be settled quickly. But sometimes the problem is more complicated and can be settled only in a court. A court is a forum, or meeting place, established by the government for the just and peaceful settlement of disputes and the enforcement of laws. Courts and methods of carrying out justice have changed as society has changed. Over the centuries the changes have been enormous. Europeans in the Middle Ages often settled the disputes in ways that seem extremely crude and unfair to us today. One method was called trial by ordeal. There were four forms of ordeal—“cold water,” “hot water,” “hot iron,” and the “morsel.” In the cold water ordeal, the accused person was tied and lowered into water. If he sank, he was declared innocent. If he floated, he was considered guilty and was punished. In ordeal by hot water, the accused plunged his hand into boiling water and pulled out a stone. If his hand showed no injury after three days, he was considered innocent. In the hot iron ordeal, the accused had to carry a red-hot iron bar nine feet. As in the boiling water ordeal, his hands were inspected three days later to determine guilt. The morsel ordeal, although not so painful, was as hard to pass as the other three. The accused had to swallow a big piece of food without choking on it.

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