3. What is the primary driving force for the upward transport of water and minerals in xylem vessels?
(A)Transpiration pull
(B) Osmosis
(C)Pressure flow
(D) Capillary action

99 Alzheimer type II 星狀細胞與下列何者無關? (A) Alzheimer's disease (B)慢性肝病所引起之高血氨(hyperammonemia) (C) Wilson's disease (D)遺傳性尿素循環障礙(metabolic disorders of the urea cycle)

100 當我們說腦中組織的“硬化(sclerosis)”時,意思是指那一種細胞增多? (A)少突神經膠細胞 (B)神經元 (C)星狀細胞 (D)小神經膠細胞

1. Which type of growth is responsible for the increase in the length of stems and roots in plants? (A)Secondary growth(B) Tertiary Growth(C)Primary/Apical Growth(D) Lateral Growth

2. What is the primary function of the vascular cambium in plants undergoing secondary growth? (A)Producing secondary xylem towards the inside(B) Producing secondary phloem towards the inside (C)Increasing the length of stems and roots(D) Developing the epidermis in young plant tissues

4. Which vascular tissue is responsible for the bidirectional transport of organic nutrients, especially sugars, in plants? (A)Epidermis (B) Xylem (C)Phloem (D) Cambium

5. Which statement correctly distinguishes between active and passive transport in plant cells? (A)Active transport does not require energy and moves substances from higher to lower concentration areas. while passive transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient. (B) Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances from higher to lower concentration areas. (C)Active and passive transport requires energy, but active transport moves substances from lower to higher concentration areas, while passive transport moves substances from higher to lower concentration areas. (D) Active and passive transport are identical processes, with the only difference being the types of substances transported.

6. What distinguishes channels from pumps in the context of membrane transport in plant cells? (A)Channels facilitate passive transport and move substances against their concentration gradient, while pumps are involved in active transport and move substances from higher to lower concentration areas. (B) Channels are involved in active transport and move substances from lower to higher concentration areas, while pumps facilitate passive transport and move substances from higher to lower concentration areas. (C)Channels and pumps perform identical functions, and the terms can be used interchangeably in the context of membrane transport. (D) Channels are passive transport proteins that allow substances to move down their concentration gradient, while pumps are active transport proteins that move substances against their concentration gradient.

7. What is the primary role of an H⁺/sucrose symporter in plant cells? (A)Facilitating the movement of water across the cell membrane (B) Assisting in the transport of sucrose across the cell membrane (C)Pumping protons out of the cell (D) Synthesizing sucrose within the cell

8. How is sucrose transport by an H⁺/sucrose symporter typically energized? (A)Movement of sodium ions (B) Movement of chloride ions (C)Movement of protons (H+ ions) (D) Movement of potassium ions

9. Which part of the chloroplast is primarily responsible for the light reactions of photosynthesis? (A)Stroma (B) Thylakoid membrane (C)Outer membrane (D) Inner membrane