30. In UV-Vis spectroscopy, the absorption characteristics of a molecule can be altered by the presence of certain functional groups. Which of the following statements correctly describes the roles of chromophores and auxochromes?
(A) A chromophore is a saturated functional group that does not absorb radiation but increases the absorption intensity of the entire molecule.
(B) An auxochrome is a functional group, such as -OH or -NH2, which does not itself absorb significantly in the UV region but can cause a bathochromic shift and a hyperchromic effect when attached to a chromophore.
(C) The addition of an auxochrome to a conjugated system typically leads to a hypsochromic shift (blue shift) because it increases the energy gap between the π and π* orbitals.
(D) Chromophores are only capable of undergoing n→σ* transitions, while auxochromes are responsible for π→π* transitions.
(E) The intensity of absorption is determined solely by the chromophore, and auxochromes only affect the wavelength of the maximum absorption.