31. Which of the following group of arthropods is the most closely related group to insects?
(A)Spiders
(B)Crustaceans
(C)Horseshoe crabs
(D)Myriapods
(E)Trilobites

32. Which one below is NOT correct for the taxonomic unit Vertebrates? (A)Echinodermata is the sister group of Vertebrates. (B)All vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor. (C)Vertebrates all have a backbone. (D)Tetrapods are the Vertebrates that could live on dry lands. (E)Amniotes include Reptiles and Mammals.

33. Insects are the most successful group of animals. In insects, the life history of which group does not go through complete metamorphosis? (A)Beetles (B)Butterflies (C)Mosquitos (D)Fruit flies (E)Grasshoppers

34. Animals could modify their behaviors through learning. Which one below is NOT a good description about learning in animals? (A)Spatial learning increases the fitness of animals by storing useful landscape and environmental information in memory. (B)Associative learning is experience based, which does not require any prior information. (C)Imprinting is an innate behavior of offspring to remember their parents, which is build-in genetically and not a type learning. (D)Offspring observe parents and learn the ways to solve problems. This is a type of social learning. (E)Learning skill could be genetic or acquired.

35. What is NOT a negative consequence of invasive predatory species to an ecosystem? (A)Drive local population to extirpation. (B)Change the role of a local species in a food web. (C)Decrease local species richness. (D)Increase the local species diversity. (E)Cause local species extinction.

36. When doing a life table of a human population to describe the demographic changes, which variable is often used to measure the changes between classes through time? (A)Age classes (B)Gender classes (C)Race classes (D)Morphological classes (E)Body weight classes

37. Which one below is NOT a major threat to biodiversity? (A)Habitat loss (B)Invasive species (C)Overharvesting (D)Pollution (E)Annual climate fluctuation

38. Which of the interactions below is NOT a mutualism? (A)Bees and the plants that they pollinate (B)Cows and their grass land (C)Chloroplast and plant cells (D)Mitochondria and animal cells (E)Cooperation of hunting gang of wolves

39. In epithelial tissues (the lining tissues), which one is unlikely a correct match of a tissue and where it may locate? (A)Simple squamous epithelium – air sacs of lungs (B)Simple cuboidal epithelium – tubes in kidney (C)Stratified squamous epithelium – sweat gland (D)Simple columnar epithelium – intestines (E)Stratified squamous epithelium – vagina

40. Which enzyme below CANNOT digest the molecules listed next to it? (A)Pancreatic amylase – Polysaccharides (B)Trypsin – Polypeptides (C)Nucleases – DNA (D)Lipase – Fat globules (E)Maltase – Maltose

41. When under holding your breath, which cue from your body that your brain would pick up to change your breathing rate? (A)Heart beating rate (B)pH value in blood that changed by CO2 concentration (C)Raising level of O2 (D)Partial pressure of CO2 in your lung (E)Partial pressure of O2 in your lung

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