33. Tidal volume in respiration is analogous to what measurement in cardiac physiology?
(A) cardiac output
(B) heart rate
(C) stroke volume
(D) systolic pressure
(E) diastolic pressure

29. What following compounds can enhance inorganic iron absorption from our meal? (A) Vitamin C (B) Vitamin A (C) Thiamine (D) Vitamin B12 (E) Vitamin B6

30. If the isoelectric point (pI) of a protein is 5.8 at buffer pH=7.5, how is the protein electrically charged? (A) positively-charged (B) negatively-charged (C) electrically neutral (D) Not sure, depending on the size of the protein (E) Not sure, depending on the buffer composition

31. Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms? (A) stigma (B) carpel (C) ovule (D) ovary (E) anthers

32. Which plant hormone is NOT correctly paired with its function? (A) auxin － promotes stem growth through cell elongation (B) cytokinins － initiate programmed cell death (C) gibberellins － stimulate seed germination (D) abscisic acid － promotes seed dormancy (E) ethylene － inhibits cell elongation

34. Which combination of hormones helps a mother to produce milk and nurse her baby? (A) prolactin and calcitonin (B) oxytocin and prolactin (C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin (E) oxytocin, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone

35. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 and type 2. Each is marked by high blood glucose levels, but with different causes. Which of the following statement is NOT correct? (A) Type 1 diabetes also called insulin-dependent diabetes. (B) Type 2 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which immune system destroys the beta cells of pancreas. (C) Insulin injections can control type 1 diabetes. (D) Excess body weight and lack of exercise significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. (E) The majority of people have diabetes are type 2.

36. According to Hamilton’s rule, kin selection causes genes to increase when C ＜ Br, where C is the reproductive cost to the individual performing the act, B is the additional reproductive benefit gained by the recipient of the altruistic act, and r is the ____________. (A) genetic relatedness of the recipient to the actor (B) frequency of the altruistic allele (C) inbreeding coefficient (D) rate of recombination (E) return on investment

37. Sponges are composed of several distinct types, the activities of which are coordinated. Which of the following cell types of a sponge possesses a flagellum? (A) Amoebocyte (B) Choanocyte (C) Epithelial (D) Spicule (E) Nematocyte

38. In a special population, 16 out of every 900 people has a cancer caused by a completely recessive allele, b. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is the predictable percentage of individuals who carry the b allele but are NOT expected to develop the cancer? (A) 4/900 (B) 32/900 (C) 208/900 (D) 676/900 (E) 884/900

39. Lichens have been the model organisms of symbiosis. What kind(s) of organisms is/are involved in the symbiosis? (A) Ascomycete (B) Alga or cyanobacteria (C) Basidiomycete yeast (D) A and B (E) A, B and C