36. According to Hamilton’s rule, kin selection causes genes to increase when C ＜ Br, where C is the reproductive cost to the individual performing the act, B is the additional reproductive benefit gained by the recipient of the altruistic act, and r is the ____________.
(A) genetic relatedness of the recipient to the actor
(B) frequency of the altruistic allele
(C) inbreeding coefficient
(D) rate of recombination
(E) return on investment

32. Which plant hormone is NOT correctly paired with its function? (A) auxin － promotes stem growth through cell elongation (B) cytokinins － initiate programmed cell death (C) gibberellins － stimulate seed germination (D) abscisic acid － promotes seed dormancy (E) ethylene － inhibits cell elongation

33. Tidal volume in respiration is analogous to what measurement in cardiac physiology? (A) cardiac output (B) heart rate (C) stroke volume (D) systolic pressure (E) diastolic pressure

34. Which combination of hormones helps a mother to produce milk and nurse her baby? (A) prolactin and calcitonin (B) oxytocin and prolactin (C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin (E) oxytocin, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone

35. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 and type 2. Each is marked by high blood glucose levels, but with different causes. Which of the following statement is NOT correct? (A) Type 1 diabetes also called insulin-dependent diabetes. (B) Type 2 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which immune system destroys the beta cells of pancreas. (C) Insulin injections can control type 1 diabetes. (D) Excess body weight and lack of exercise significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. (E) The majority of people have diabetes are type 2.

37. Sponges are composed of several distinct types, the activities of which are coordinated. Which of the following cell types of a sponge possesses a flagellum? (A) Amoebocyte (B) Choanocyte (C) Epithelial (D) Spicule (E) Nematocyte

38. In a special population, 16 out of every 900 people has a cancer caused by a completely recessive allele, b. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is the predictable percentage of individuals who carry the b allele but are NOT expected to develop the cancer? (A) 4/900 (B) 32/900 (C) 208/900 (D) 676/900 (E) 884/900

39. Lichens have been the model organisms of symbiosis. What kind(s) of organisms is/are involved in the symbiosis? (A) Ascomycete (B) Alga or cyanobacteria (C) Basidiomycete yeast (D) A and B (E) A, B and C

40. How many of the following neurotransmitters is/are neuropeptide(s)? I. Acetylcholine II. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) III. Norepinephrine IV. Dopamine V. Serotonin VI. Endorphin (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4 

41. About plant endosperm, which statement is NOT correct? (A) Endosperm is produced by the union of a central cell with a sperm cell. (B) In angiosperms, an endosperm formed by the union of a sperm with three polar nuclei during double fertilization. (C) The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds. (D) The endosperm is a nutrient source for the embryo. (E) Wheat endosperm is ground into flour for bread.

42. How many of the following about bacterial gene regulation is/are correct? I. Tryptophan acts as a repressor in trp operon. II. Allolactose acts as an activator in lac operon. III. Catabolite activator protein (CAP) is activated by allolactose. IV. The lac operon is turned on by an increase in glucose and an increase in cAMP. (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4