39. Which one of the following could provide the best data for determining the phylogeny of very closely related species?
(A) The fossil record
(B) A comparison of embryological development
(C) An analysis of their morphological differences and similarities
(D) A comparison of their ribosomal DNA sequences
(E) A comparison of nucleotide sequences in homologous genes and mitochondrial DNA

35. Which one of the following is mismatched with its function? (A) Most B vitamins vs coenzymes (B) Vitamin E vs antioxidant (C) Vitamin K vs blood clotting (D) Phosphorus vs bone formation, nucleotide synthesis (E) Iron vs component of thyroid hormones

36. If blood was supplied to all of the body's capillaries at the same time, ________. (A) resistance to blood flow would increase (B) blood pressure would fall dramatically (C) blood would move too rapidly through the capillaries (D) the amount of blood returning to the heart would increase (E) the increased gas exchange in the lungs and in the supply of O2 to muscles would allow for strenuous exercise

37. Which one of the following will control the activity of the others mentioned below? (A) Thyroid gland (B) Pituitary gland (C) Adrenal cortex (D) Ovary (E) Hypothalamus

38. Some human males have three sex chromosomes (XXY) and suffer from a genetic disease known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. The symptoms include a failure to develop sexually and an impairment of intelligence. This is an example of a disease of ________. (A) point mutation (B) karyotype (C) homeostasis (D) bacterial origin (E) old age

40. Which one of the following plant could be more likely to adapt hot and arid environments? 1. Arabidopsis 2. Rice 3. Sugarcane 4. Pineapple 5. Cactus (A) 1,2 (B) 1,2,3 (C) 1,2,5 (D) 3,4,5 (E) 1,2,3,4,5

41. Which one of the following statement is correct between glycogen and cellulose? (A) Basic subunits are both glucose. (B) Location in the cellular level is the same. (C) The linkage between each subunits is the same. (D) Function in organisms are both for storage. (E) Both are structurally branched.

42. Which one of the following is not related to paternity test? (A) Short tandem repeats (STRs) of DNA (B) Reverse transcription (C) Primer (D) DNA polymerase (E) PCR

43. Which one of the following organelle is not included in the endomembrane system? (A) Golgi apparatus (B) Endoplasmic reticulum (C) Proteasome (D) Lysosome (E) Nuclear envelope

44. Which are the three people awarded for Nobel Prize to the discovery of how the cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability? (A) James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, and Thomas C. Südhof (B) John O’Keefe, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard I. Moser (C) William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura, and Youyou Tu (D) William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, and Gregg L. Semenza (E) Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young

45. In temperate regions, which pigment is responsible for the red-yellow coloration seen in leaves during the color change in autumn? (A) Chlorophyll a (B) Chlorophyll b (C) Carotenoids (D) Porphyrin (E) Anthocyanin