4. Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
(A) carbonyl and amino groups
(B) carboxyl and amino groups
(C) amino and sulfhydryl groups
(D) hydroxyl and carboxyl groups

25.在國語文科的教學實施說明中，教師應靈活採用各種不同的教學策略，其中之一為「實作教學」，旨為以形成學生的聽說讀寫技能或善良價值等實際訓練為主，讓學生投入語文學習活動，發掘自我的真正感受和建立個人價值觀。請問下列教學活動何者屬於「實作教學」？ (A)專題寫作 (B)戲劇表演 (C)小組討論 (D)獨立閱讀

1. Darwin's finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following? (A) mutation frequency (B) ancestors from different regions (C) adaptive radiation (D) the accuracy of the fossil record

2. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom? (A) approximately 8 grams (B) approximately 8 daltons (C) approximately 16 grams (D) approximately 16 daltons

3. Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions? (A) They maintain a constant pH when bases are added to them but not when acids are added to them. (B) They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to them but not when bases are added to them. (C) They fluctuate in pH when either acids or bases are added to them. (D) They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them.

5. Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? (A) as a hexose (B) as a monosaccharide (C) as a disaccharide (D) as a polysaccharide

6. Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? (A) lysosome (B) mitochondrion (C) Golgi apparatus (D) peroxisome

7. Which of the following is true of osmosis? (A) Osmosis only takes place in red blood cells. (B) Osmosis is an energy-demanding or "active" process. (C) In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration. (D) In osmosis, solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower water concentration to areas of higher water concentration.

8. A noncompetitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme reaction by ________.(A) binding at the active site of the enzyme (B) changing the shape of the enzyme's active site (C) changing the free energy change of the reaction (D) acting as a coenzyme for the reaction

9. You have a friend who lost 7 kg of fat on a regimen of strict diet and exercise. How did the fat leave his body? (A) It was released as CO2 and H2O. (B) It was converted to heat and then released. (C) It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat. (D) It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body.

10. In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle? (A) addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH (B) regeneration of ATP from ADP (C) regeneration of RuBP (D) regeneration of NADP+