41. A perfect Carnot engine operates between a hot reservoir at 800 K and a cold reservoir at 400 K. If the engine performs 200 joule (J) of work in each cycle, how much heat is exhausted to the cold reservoir in each cycle?
(A) 800 J
(B) 600 J
(C) 400 J
(D) 200 J
(E) 100 J

42. An ambulance siren emits a frequency of 620 Hz and the speed of sound is 340 m/s. Which statement below is correct? (A) A stationary observer always hears a frequency of 620 Hz. (B) When the ambulance moves towards a stationary observer at 30 m/s, the observer hears a frequency of 310 Hz. (C) When the ambulance moves away from a stationary observer at 30 m/s, the observer hears a frequency of 680 Hz. (D) When the ambulance moves towards a stationary observer at 30 m/s, the observer hears a frequency of 680 Hz. (E) When the ambulance moves away from a stationary observer at 30 m/s, the observer hears a frequency of 310 Hz.

43. A sealed room has a volume of 50 m3 and an initial relative humidity of 90%. How much water vapor must be removed to reduce the relative humidity to 50%? Assume the saturation vapor density is 20 g/m3 and water density 1 kg/L. (Note: 1 L = 1 m3). (A) 20 mL (B) 0.4 L (C) 2 L (D) 8 L (E) 20 L

44. Material A has a specific heat of 0.03 cal/g·°C, and Material B has a specific heat of 0.09 cal/g·°C. A 3-kg block of Material A at 10°C is placed in thermal contact with a 2-kg block of Material B at 100°C. Assuming the system is isolated, what is the final equilibrium temperature? (A) 30 °C (B) 40 °C (C) 50 °C (D) 60 °C (E) 70 °C

45. A laser beam of wavelength λ = 4×10-7 meter normally incidents on a black plate and produces a force of 1.5×10-5 N. The mass of the plate is 12 g and its specific heat capacity is 500 (J·kg-1·K-1). Assume that there is no heat loss to the surroundings. Find the rate at which the temperature of the plate rises. [unit: newton (N), kelvin (K)] (A) 572 K/s (B) 682 K/s (C) 750 K/s (D) 823 K/s (E) 912 K/s

46. What happens to the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor if the distance between the two plates is doubled while keeping all other factors constant? (A) It is halved. (B) It remains unchanged. (C) It doubles. (D) It quadruples. (E) None of the above.

47. A solid nonconducting sphere of radius R carries a total charge Q distributed uniformly throughout its volume. At a distance r＜R from the center, the magnitude of the electric field is E. If the radius of the sphere were doubled to 2R while keeping the total charge Q distributed uniformly and the point r the same, what would be the new magnitude of the electric field? (A) E (B) E/2 (C) E/4 (D) E/6 (E) E/8

48. A circular coil with an area of 0.50 m2 is placed in a uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The magnetic field magnitude decreases at a constant rate of 0.40 tesla/s. What is the magnitude of the induced electromotive force (EMF) in the coil? (A) 2.00 V (B) 0.20 V (C) 0.40 V (D) 0.80 V (E) None of the above

49. The electrostatic force between two rest point charges q and Q separated by a distance r is f. If the distance between the ions is doubled while the charges remain the same, what is the new force between them? (A) 2f (B) f/2 (C) (q + Q) f/2 (D) 2(q + Q) f (E) None of the above

50. A circular loop having a diameter of 10 cm carries a current of 0.1 ampere. The loop is placed in a magnetic field of B = 0.5 tesla with its axis inclined at 30° to the direction of the B-field as shown in the figure. Calculate the torque exerted on the current loop. [unit: newton (N)] (A) 1.96×10-4 N·m (B) 3.97×10-4 N·m (C) 5.43×10-4 N·m (D) 7.22×10-4 N·m (E) 9.16×10-4 N·m

51. During ventricular fibrillation, the myocardial cells do not stop beating; instead, they fall into a state of extreme chaos and rapid twitching, which the heart cannot pump blood effectively. An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) acts to reboot the heart by forcing a powerful electric current through it. The AED must generate high voltage to deliver a current of approximately 20 Amperes into the body within a short duration of about 0.01 seconds. The energy setting for a modern AED is 300 Joules. Estimate the voltage V required for this device and the average chest wall impedance R during a shock. Assuming all processes satisfy Ohm's Law. (A) 2100 Volt, 105 Ohm (B) 1900 Volt, 90 Ohm (C) 1700 Volt, 85 Ohm (D) 1500 Volt, 75 Ohm (E) 1300 Volt, 65 Ohm

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