44. The author will most likely agree with which of the following statements:
(A) Mionolingual societies experience fewer problems compared to their multilingual counterparts.
(B) Ttis difficult to understand why people hold onto languages that no longer seem useful.
(C)Languages, as living organisms, will naturally emerge, evolve, and fade out.
(D) Languages that have survived are more linguistically advanced.
(E) Languages do not usually die of natural causes.

40. Which ofthe following can bestexplain the author’s purpose of writing this passage? (A)To provide a comprehensive explanation of the philosophy of consolation. (B) To argue that the ancient Greeks understood intrinsic human flaws better than major religions. (C) To propose a way of perceiving and alleviating dissatisfaction and unhappiness people experience as broken creatures. (D) To paint a grim picture of human suffering through a positive and generous tone. (E) To point out the disparity between anticipated happiness and the prevalent misery we experience in life.

41. Which ofthe following can best explain the author’s purpose of writing this passage? (A) To explain the rise and fall of super tongues. (B)To analyze how Darwinism has been used to explain language endangerment. (C)To demonstrate that colonialism and imperialism serve as both threats to and promoters of national languages. (D)To argue that multilingual speakers in Australian and Canadian indigenous communities are healthier than those in non-indigenous communities. (E)To highlight misconceptions about language loss and the profound cultural and social implications associated with it.

42. Based on the information provided in the passage, which of the following statements about super tongues is INCORRECT? (A) Their number will grow rapidly in the future. (B) They emerge with the rise of nation-states and centralized governance. (C) Their growth will threaten the well-being of other languages in the world. (D) They have many speakers. (E) Their growth has been expedited by mass media.

43. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of language diversity mentioned by the author? (A) Promoting a healthier and balanced lifestyle for individuals and communities. (B) Fostering equity and fairness in society. (C)Preserving the wealth of human knowledge. (D) Improving global communication with the use of universal languages. (E) Nurturing innovative thinking to solve global issues.

45.The verb “wrought” has appeared twice in this passage.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word used in the paSsage? (A) Perplexed.(B) Indicted. (C) Enervated. (D) Manufactured. (E) Downplayed.

46. Based on the passage, Thomas Jefferson believed (A)the phrase “all men are created equal” to be untrue. (B)that Black people were inherently devious and criminal. (C) that a people had no right to overthrow their government. (D)that rebellions were a legitimate, rational response to slavery. (E) that God would likely side with the white colonists who had waged the American revolution if a revolt against them was successfully organized.

47. According to the author, which of the following statements about Thomas Jefferson is INCORRECT? (A)He drafted The Declaration of Independence. (B) He wrote Notes on the State of Virginia, which was published in the 17 century. (C) He owned hundreds of blacks as slaves. (D) He knew that no principle ofjustice could defend slavery. (E) He felt anxious about the imminent dangerin slavery.

48. Which ofthe following is closest in meaning to the phrase “having a wolf by the car” in the third paragraph? (A)Being in a precarious situation from which it is as dangerous to extricate oneself as it iS 10 remain in it (B) Calling for help when it is nol needed with the effect that one is not believed when one really does need help (C) Avoiding circumstances leading to brutality and violence (D)Having something harmful or problematic disguised as something peaceful and pleasant (E) Handling a dangerous situation skillfully

49. What is the main point of referring to Thomas Jefferson in the passage? (A) To expose hypocrisy in Jefferson’s promotion of the idea “all men are created equal” (B) To invoke the idealism of The Declaration of Independence (C) To raise awareness of Black people’s yearning for freedom (D) To advocate that white people ought to be responsible for policing Black people’s activities (E) To illustrate the nature of race relations in the United States

50. Based upon the passage, it is most likely the author would agree with which of the following statements? Ⅰ. Slavery did not only deprive Black people of freedom but also pl seeds Of white masters’ fear of their slaves. Ⅱ. Governmental surveillance and severe punishment of Black peo began almost at the same time as the introduction of slavery itself. Ⅲ. White people should be responsible for monitoring icing Black people. (A) Ⅰ only (B)Ⅱonly (C)Ⅲonly (D)Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ (E) I and Il only