58. If there are 24 chromatids in a mammalian skin cell, how many kinetochores are there?
(A) 6
(B) 12
(C) 24
(D) 36
(E) 48

59. Which of the following statements concerning mitochondria are correct, EXCEPT _____. (A) mitochondrion is a double membrane organelle (B) both pyruvate oxidation and Krebs cycle are carried out in mitochondria matrix (C) chemiosmosis can promote ATP hydrolysis (D) most mitochondria genes are maternal inheritance in human (E) leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy is a mitochondria disorder

60. The bundle branches and Purkinje fibers conduct impulses from the_____. (A) AV node to the ventricles (B) AV node to the SA node (C) SA node to the atria (D) SA node to the AV node (E) atria to the SA node Ⅱ.【單選題】61-80 題，每題 2 分，共計 40 分。答錯 1 題倒扣 0.5 分，倒扣至本大題零分為止，未作答，不給分亦 不扣分。

61. Which of the following statements is FALSE? (A) The presence of scaffolding proteins can increase the efficiency of signal transduction. (B) Enzyme cascades amplify the cell’s response to a signal. (C) Inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol are produced by phospholipase A cleavage of certain kind of phospholipid. (D) Phosphodiesterase converting cAMP to AMP is one of the ways to terminate the signal. (E) The activation of cell surface receptors of growth factors may regulate the activity of a specific gene.

62. Regarding photosynthesis, which statement is INCORRECT? (A) Light-harvesting complex may consist of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotinoids. (B) RuBp carboxylase-oxygenase is thought to be the most abundant protein on Earth. (C) In C4 pathway, PEP carboxylase promotes CO2 to be added to malate. (D) Sugarcane is a kind of C4 plant. (E) C4 plants contain C4 and C3 pathways.

63. In a dark environment, plants will grow toward light in a response called phototropism. Which of the followings is an INCORRECT statement regarding phototropism? (A) Phototropism is caused by a chemical signal. (B) One chemical involved is auxin. (C) Auxin causes an increase in growth on one side of the stem. (D) Auxin causes a decrease in growth on the side of the stem exposed to light. (E) Removing the apical meristem prevents phototropism.

64. The result of double fertilization in angiosperms leads to _____. (A) formation of both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm (B) the endosperm developing into a diploid nutrient tissue (C) formation of a triploid zygote (D) two embryos in every seed (E) the fertilized antipodal cells developing into the seed coat

65. Which type of biome would most likely occur in a climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers? (A) desert (B) taiga (C) temperate grassland (D) temperate broadleaf forest (E) chaparral

66. Which statement is FALSE? (A) Succession is predictable. (B) Pioneer species have wide ranges of tolerances. (C) Pioneer plant species are usually small annuals with an abundance of easily dispersed seeds. (D) The succession that occurs in an abandoned field is primary succession. (E) Climax species are those that are best adapted to the specific climate where the succession occurs.

67. Which of the followings is a trend in the evolution of land plants? (A) Decrease in the size of the leaf (B) Reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle (C) Elimination of sperm cells or sperm nuclei (D) Increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg together (E) Increasing spore size

68. Prokaryotic organisms have recently been divided into two domains, Bacteria and Archaea. This division is based on characteristics such as _____. (A) circular genome (B) no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (C) presence or absence of histones (D) no introns (E) all of the above

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