67. Which of the followings is a trend in the evolution of land plants?
(A) Decrease in the size of the leaf
(B) Reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle
(C) Elimination of sperm cells or sperm nuclei
(D) Increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg together
(E) Increasing spore size

63. In a dark environment, plants will grow toward light in a response called phototropism. Which of the followings is an INCORRECT statement regarding phototropism? (A) Phototropism is caused by a chemical signal. (B) One chemical involved is auxin. (C) Auxin causes an increase in growth on one side of the stem. (D) Auxin causes a decrease in growth on the side of the stem exposed to light. (E) Removing the apical meristem prevents phototropism.

64. The result of double fertilization in angiosperms leads to _____. (A) formation of both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm (B) the endosperm developing into a diploid nutrient tissue (C) formation of a triploid zygote (D) two embryos in every seed (E) the fertilized antipodal cells developing into the seed coat

65. Which type of biome would most likely occur in a climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers? (A) desert (B) taiga (C) temperate grassland (D) temperate broadleaf forest (E) chaparral

66. Which statement is FALSE? (A) Succession is predictable. (B) Pioneer species have wide ranges of tolerances. (C) Pioneer plant species are usually small annuals with an abundance of easily dispersed seeds. (D) The succession that occurs in an abandoned field is primary succession. (E) Climax species are those that are best adapted to the specific climate where the succession occurs.

68. Prokaryotic organisms have recently been divided into two domains, Bacteria and Archaea. This division is based on characteristics such as _____. (A) circular genome (B) no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (C) presence or absence of histones (D) no introns (E) all of the above

69. Assuming complete dominance, crosses between two dihybrid F1 plants, which are offspring from a cross AABB x aabb, result in F2 phenotype ratios of _____. (A) 1:2:1 (B) 3:1 (C) 1:1:1:1 (D) 9:3:3:1 (E) 9:1

70. Inbreeding and small population size of a threatened species can combine to form a downward spiral for the species known as a(n) _____. (A) extinction vortex (B) random change of allele frequencies attributable to chance (C) random mutation (D) accelerated evolution of new traits (E) none of the possibilities are correct

71. Which is NOT a recognized hypothesis to account for the strong competitive ability of invasives? (A) Enemy release (B) Superior competition (C) Lack of environmental constraints (D) Propagule pressure (E) Climate pre-adaptation

72. If a community exhibits lognormal rank abundance, we may conclude there are _____. (A) a large number of rare species, a large number of common species, and a few species of intermediate rank (B) a few rare species, a few common species, and a large number of species of intermediate rank (C) a few rare species and a large number of very common species (D) a few common species and a large number of rare species (E) rare species are very common

73. A new menstrual cycle begins with the production of _____, following the removal of inhibition by combination of _____. (A) GnRH, FSH and LH (B) GnRH, estradiol and progesterone (C) LH, estradiol and progesterone (D) estradiol, FSH and LH (E) estradiol, GnRH and LH