67 下列何者不是腎臟癌之腫瘤伴隨症候群（paraneoplastic syndromes）？
(A)紅血球增多症（erythrocytosis）
(B)低血鈣症（hypocalcemia）
(C)高血壓
(D)非轉移性肝功能異常（Stauffer’s syndrome）

The most common PNSs...

65 下列有關腎細胞癌（renal cell carcinoma）之敘述，何者正確？
(A)腎細胞癌源自腎臟之 distal renal tubule 上皮
(B)結節性硬化（tuberous sclerosis）與腎細胞癌有關
(C)腎細胞癌常伴隨腫瘤旁症候群（paraneoplastic syndrome）
(D)腎細胞癌對化學藥物治療之反應很好

Hypercalcemia — Hypercalcemia occurs in up to 15 percent of patients with advanced RCC and can result from a number of different mechanisms:

●Lytic bone metastases.
●Overproduction of PTHrP [20-23]. Concurrent production of IL-6 may enhance the action of PTHrP [24,25].
●Increased production of prostaglandins that promote bone resorption [26,27]. In such patients, the hypercalcemia can respond to administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as indomethacin [26].