7.下列有關冠狀動脈心臟病的藥物治療敘述,何者正確?
(A)乙型交感神經阻斷劑(betablocker)可減少心肌耗氧,因此可以減少心絞痛,甚至可以降低心肌梗塞後之死亡率
(B)鈣離子阻斷劑(calciumchannelblocker)可以擴張冠狀動脈、增加心肌供血,因此短效型dihydropyridine類鈣離子阻斷劑特別適用於無法耐受乙型交感神經阻斷劑(betablocker)副作用的病人
(C)阿斯匹靈(aspirin)為可逆性血小板cyclooxygenase抑制劑,減低血小板活化能力,冠狀動脈心臟病人常用劑量為每日75~325mg
(D)有機硝酸鹽類(nitrate)經人體代謝後,可釋放一氧化氮(NO)與血管平滑肌adenylylcyclase結合,造成血 管擴張

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統計: A(561), B(102), C(93), D(235), E(0) #3118868

詳解 (共 2 筆)

#6107753
: ACS 的藥物治療
(B) 鈣離子阻斷劑(calciumchannelblocker)可以擴張冠狀動脈、增加心肌供血,因此短效型dihydropyridine(non-dihydropyridine CCB) 類鈣離子阻斷劑特別適用於無法耐受乙型交感神經阻斷劑(betablocker)副作用的病人
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1. 無法耐受乙型交感神經阻斷劑(beta blocker)副作用的病人可以使用 non-dihydropyridine CCB. 
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The ACC/AHA UA/NSTEMI guidelines recommend that for patients with continuing or frequent ischemia in whom a beta-blocker cannot be given a non-dihydropyridine CCB should be administered (COR I, LOE B) in the absence of clinically significant LV dysfunction or other contraindications.
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*The non-DHP CCBs including diltiazem and verapamil. 
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2. 為什麼不能使用短效型dihydropyridine? 有什麼狀況下可以使用嗎? 
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Short-acting dihydropyridines such as the non-sustained release form of nifedipine must not be given to patients with ACS in the absence of beta-blocker therapy because of the associated deleterious risk of reflex tachycardia.
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The guidelines emphasize that immediate-release dihydropyridine CCBs should not be administered to patients with UA/NSTEMI in the absence of a beta-blocker (COR III, LOE A).
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4083844/
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(C) 阿斯匹靈(aspirin)為可逆性(不可逆)血小板cyclooxygenase抑制劑,減低血小板活化能力,冠狀動脈心臟病人常用劑量為每日75~325mg
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Aspirin 75~325mg daily dosage come from Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) trial, 12 562 patients with ACS using aspirin, 75 to 325 mg daily. 
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https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000091201.39590.cb
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根據 guideline, loading dose 162-325mg, maintainence dose 81-325mg/day. (可參考下圖)
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66479c96b0827.jpg
 
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(D) 有機硝酸鹽類(nitrate)經人體代謝後,可釋放一氧化氮(NO)與血管平滑肌adenylylcyclase (guanlylcyclase) 結合,造成血管擴張
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#6000448
B:      CCB分兩類:    ...
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