75.25歲的陳小姐，5年前就診斷有高血壓，最近一週因左腦中風而住院，血管攝影檢查發現雙 側內頸動脈及頸部椎動脈均呈現不規則的擴張且伴隨局部狹窄（如圖），其診斷為何？ 
(A)動脈粥樣硬化（atherosclerosis）
(B)肌纖維發育異常（fibromuscular dysplasia）
(C)外傷
(D)動靜脈畸形

●Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a noninflammatory, nonatherosclerotic disorder that leads to arterial stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm, dissection, and arterial tortuosity. It has been observed in nearly every arterial bed. The most frequently involved arteries are the renal (75 to 80 percent of patients), internal carotid, and vertebral arteries (approximately 75 percent of patients have carotid and/or vertebral involvement), followed by visceral and external iliac arteries. Among adults, FMD is more common among females (approximately 90 percent of cases are in women). There does not appear to be a female predominance among children with FMD.

纖維肌肉發育不良(fibromuscul...