77. Which of the following descriptions about muscle and skeletal system is NOT true?
(A) The strength of a muscular contraction is determined by the number of neurons delivering action potentials.
(B) Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle all have transverse tubules.
(C) A hydrostatic skeleton consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment.
(D) Gap junctions provide direct electrical coupling between the cardiac muscle cells.
(E) Calcium ions cause smooth muscle contraction by binding to calmodulin.

73. A new menstrual cycle begins with the production of _____, following the removal of inhibition by combination of _____. (A) GnRH, FSH and LH (B) GnRH, estradiol and progesterone (C) LH, estradiol and progesterone (D) estradiol, FSH and LH (E) estradiol, GnRH and LH

74. Which of the followings is NOT true of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)? (A) GPCRs are cell-surface transmembrane receptors that work with the help of monomer G proteins. (B) GPCRs have similar structure in which a single polypeptide has seven transmembrane helices. (C) Epinephrine can target the same type of GPCR in liver cell and skeletal muscle blood vessel. (D) G protein systems are involved in cholera and pertussis diseases. (E) G protein functions as a molecular switch that is either on or off depending on GTP or GDP is attached.

75. Which of the following statements about genome is FALSE? (A) Usually, the gene density of archaea genome is higher than eukaryotes. (B) Usually, the number of genes of archaea genome is more than eukaryotes genome. (C) The genome size of archaea is less than eukaryotes. (D) The number of genes of fruit fly genome is less than Arabidopsis thaliana genome. (E) The number of genes of fruit fly genome is less than C. elegans genome.

76. Which of the following statements concerning human embryonic development is correct? (A) Inner cell mass is a group of cells that cluster at one end of the gastrula. (B) The trophoblast, the outer epithelium of the gastrula, supports embryo growth. (C) The trophoblast continues to expand into the endometrium, and four new extraembryonic membranes appear. (D) By the end of blastocyst, three embryonic germ layers have formed. (E) By the end of gastrulation, the extraembryonic ectoderm and extraembryonic membranes surround the embryo.

78. The correct sequence of the cardiac cycle in a healthy adult human is _____. (1. atrial systole and ventricular diastole 2. ventricular systole and atrial diastole 3. atrial and ventricular systole 4.atrial and ventricular diastole)(A) 1 → 3→2(B) 4 → 1 → 2(C) 4 → 2 → 1(D) 2 → 4 → 3(E) 1 → 4 → 3

79. Which of the following statements concerning hormonal control of digestion is FALSE? (A) Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate. (B) Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the release of digestive enzymes form the pancreas and of bile from the gallbladder. (C) Both secretin and CCK act on the stomach to promote secretion of gastric juices. (D) Secretin and CCK are released from duodenum. (E) Gastrin is released from stomach and regulates production of gastric juices.

80. Which of the following statements concerning regulation of eukaryotic gene expression is FALSE? (A) DNA methylation can activate or inactivate gene expression. (B) Acetylation of histone tails promotes condensation of the chromatin. (C) Enhancers are segments of DNA that may be within an intron. (D) Unlike operons in E. coli, dispersed genes can be coordinately controlled by transcription activators or repressors in eukaryotes. (E) Alternative RNA splicing can produce different mRNA molecules from the same primary transcript.

1. 長青花鹼 (vinblastin) 是治療癌症之藥物，可干擾微管 (microtubule) 之組裝，其作用最可能是下列何者受到抑制? (A) DNA 之合成 (B) 週期素 (cyclins) 之生成 (C) 有絲分裂紡錘體 (mitotic spindle) 之形成 (D) 調節型蛋白 (regulatory protein) 之磷酸化 (phosphorylation)

2. 苯丙酮尿症 (phenylketonuria; PKU) 是由隱性等位基因所引起的遺傳疾病，若夫妻二人都是帶因者 (carriers) ，他們 三個孩子中二個正常、一個患病之機率為何? (A) 1/64 (B) 9/64 (C) 27/64 (D) 37/64

3. 當一個族群處於沒有限制因子 (limiting factor) 的環境下，則其族群成長曲線會呈現下列哪一種圖形? (A) J 形 (B) M 形 (C) S 形 (D) V 形