(二)黴菌毒素常見之肝毒素（hepatotoxin）及致癌性的食品安全性為何？

(三)黴菌毒素生成之影響因素及防止方法為何？

(四)常見黴菌毒素之測定方法為何？

一、請說明海上貨物運送人的責任基礎？以及貨損求償的舉證順序？（25 分）

二、請說明船舶適航性義務的意義？違反效果？以及船舶適航性如何舉證？ （25 分）

一、請將下列英文翻譯成中文： （20分） Surveyor’s Report The surveyor should inspect the damage, preferably in conjunction with the other interested parties, so that he is able to give a detailed description. Photographs and/or sketches may assist to clarify certain points and should, where permitted, always be included in the report. If the surveyor is unsure of the cause of damage, he should request additional information from the Master/Owner's representative or investigations/tests be done to remove the uncertainty. If the requests are not complied with, the surveyor must report the facts to his principal and include the matter in his final report.

二、請將下列英文翻譯成中文： （20分） Vessel SurveysThe following damage was found: 1. Numerous indentations on hatch coamings. 2. Angle stiffener above opening in port bulwark adjacent No.1 hatch - sharply bent 25 mm over 160 mm. 3. Derrick crutch tower between Nos. 1 & 2 hatches sharp indents 40 x 40 x 15 mm. 4. Ballast line athwartships between Nos. 2 & 3 hatches outside entrance door - flattened over 300 mm length x 20 mm. 5. Tank top, midships 7 m abaft bulkhead - large area depression 1000 x 2000 x25 mm.

三、請將下列英文翻譯成中文： （20分） Cargo SurveysSweat is a complex business to prove, although simple enough in concept. It is condensation caused by changes in temperature and moisture content of the air in the hold in relation to the cargo or the ship's structure. The surveyor should understand the mechanics of its occurrence, check on routes, temperatures when loading and enroute, and ventilation. Stowage is important to minimising sweat damage; for instance inadequate dunnaging may cause cartons to become waterlogged.

四、請將下列英文翻譯成中文： （20 分） Liability Surveys The largest employer of surveyors for Pre-shipment cargo surveys is the steel trade. Steel gives rise to high claims, so P&l Clubs insist on pre-shipment surveys to protect themselves. The surveyor needs more a knowledge of steel than of ships. And he needs stamina. The intention is to sight all the steel to be loaded and note any defects. These will include degrees of rusting, crushing or deformation of coils, bending or deformation of girders and plates, exposure to salt spray or rain, especially for cold-rolled coils, and more especially in ports where the air is very polluted.

(一)公證人應該意識到他的經驗和資格的限制，在沒有諮詢他的委託人的 情況下，不應該超出其職權範圍。

(二)艙口蓋的裂漏、管道或油艙或人孔蓋的洩漏、雨中裝載、中途港口下 雨、其它貨物的洩漏，或汗濕等，都有可能造成貨物水濕損害的原因。

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