申論題內容
一、假設(R, +, •
)是一環(ring)且a,b,c ∈ R。下列敘述何者為真?請寫出計算過程。(10 分)
⑴a + b ∈ R且a • b ∈ R
⑵a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c且a • (b • c) = (a • b) • c
⑶a + b = b + a且a • b = b • a
⑷a • (b + c) = (a • b) + (a • c)且(b + c) • a = (b • a) + (c • a)
⑸存在u ∈ R使得對於任意r ∈ R,r • u = u • r = r成立