112年 - 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_生物化學暨分子生物學研究所:生化學#113391

1. Please devise a plan for amplifying a single DNA fragment from a mixture. (3%)

2. A graduate student is trying to separate protein S from other proteins in a solution. The proteins have the following properties: Please devise effective methods for getting pure protein S. (6%)

3. A graduate student is attempting to extract plasmid DNA from E. coli. Please devise a suitable strategy for plasmid isolation, purification and validation. (7%)

1)What is the common molecule that these 5 hormones may be derived from? (2%)

2) Please select the correct descriptions that can apply to the receptor of T4 and T3. (3%)
(a) After binding to T4, the receptors of T4 dimerize
(b) After binding to T4, the receptors of T4 degrade immediately
(c) After binding to T4, the receptors of T4 bind to DNA
(d) After binding to T4, the receptors of T4 autophosphorylate itself
(e) After binding to T4, the receptors of T4 are localized to the nucleus
(f) After binding to T4, the receptors of T4 remain on the plasma membrane

3) What class of hormones are Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Epinephrine? (2%)
(a) Eicosanoid
(b) Peptide hormones
(c) Steroid
(d) Catecholamine

4 ) Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders are dopamine antagonists. Dopamine antagonists (select the correct descriptions that apply): (3%)
(a) are drugs that bind to Dopamine receptors
(b) do not activate Dopamine receptors
(c) do activate Dopamine receptors
(d) can block the actions of dopamine
(e) can trigger similar actions as dopamine
(f) has a greater Kd to the receptor than Dopamine

5 ) When Dopamine signals to Dopamine receptors D1/D2 complex, Phospholipase C is activated. What are the downstream second messengers of GPCR-Phospholipase C (PLC)? (2%)
(a) NO and cGMP, and calcium
(b) IP3, DAG, and calcium
(c) protein kinase C (PKC)
(d) cAMP and calcium

6) Ca²⁺ is an important second messenger in many signaling pathways. Please describe how the increase in intracellular Ca²⁺concentration may promote the maturation and release of Insulin in beta cells. (4%)

5. In which direction along the template must the RNA polymerase in Figure below be moving to have generated the supercoiled structures that are shown? Would you expect supercoils to be generated if the RNA polymerase were free to rotate about the axis of the DNA as it progressed along the template? (4%)

6. Why is the drug azidothymidine (AZT) block the growth of the AIDS virus HIV. (2%)

1) How does this phage replicate its DNA?

2) Do you think any progeny phage will be ¹⁴C-labeled?

1 ) A telomere allows a chromosome to be replicated precisely so that no nucleotides are lost from the end of the chromosome, thereby solving the end-replication problem.

2 ) Nuclease-hypersensitive sites in chromatin are located in the linker DNA between nucleosomes.

3) If a DNA-binding protein forms a symmetric dimer, it is likely that the recognition site in the DNA is symmetric as well.

4) In general, the DNA replicating enzyme in E. coli is DNA polymerase I.

5) Loss of the 3' to 5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase in E. coli should slow the rate of DNA synthesis but not affect its fidelity.

6) Pyrimidine dimmers are usually formed between two thymines in different strands.

9. Abnormalities in the catalytic activities of key enzymes are commonly linked to diseases. Please describe (at least) three possible causes that may lead to abnormal enzyme activities (6%).

1) serine protease (2%)

2) allosteric regulation (3%)

3) prosthetic group (2%)

4) competitive inhibitor (3%)

11. How do you experimentally determine the V_max (maximum velocity) and K_M (Michaelis constant) of an enzyme? (4%)

12. Write all you know about a membrane bilayer. What is it for? What is it made of? What are its chemical constituents? What properties does it have? What are the methods to study its properties? What are its functions? How do its constituents work for its functions? (8%)

13. Describe the figure below. Note: it starts from amino acids. What are the diseases associated with it? How does one deal with the diseases? Can the urea cycle work alone? What are the roles of oxaloacetate? What does the cell do when oxaloacetate is used up by the urea cycle? (8%)

1) 5' modification.

2) Shine-Dalgarno sequence.

3) polycistronic/monocistronic.

4) 3' modification.

1) Ubiquitination.

2) Isoprenylation.

3) Methylation.

4) Phosphorylation.

112年 - 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_生物化學暨分子生物學研究所:生化學#113391

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