24. There are 320 individuals in genotype WW, 160 individuals in genotype Ww, and 20 individuals in genotype ww in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium population. What would be the expected allele frequence of W and w in the 100^th generation after this current generation?
(A)W =0.8 and w=0.2
(B)W =0.9 and w=0.1
(C)W =0.7 and w=0.3
(D)W =0.6 and w=0.4
(E)W =0.5 and w=0.5

20. What is NOT a good description or a role of microRNA in controlling gene expression? (A)microRNA usually form a complex with proteins. (B)The microRNA-protein complex could bind to a complementary site of mRNA. (C)The microRNA-protein complex could promote gene expression. (D)The complex could degrade the mRNA. (E)The complex could block the translation.

21. What description below about human genome is INCORRECT? (A)The size of a human genome is about 10 billion base pairs. (B)The proportion of exons in a human genome is about 1.5 %. (C)There are about 21,000 genes in a human genome. (D)The first human genome project was completed in the early 2000’s. (E)About 40 % of the human genome are related to transposable elements.

22. About Okazaki fragments, which one is NOT true? (A)They are in lagging strand. (B)DNA ligase joints them together when the synthesis is finished. (C)They are multiple fragments that are synthesizing from 5’ to 3’. (D)They are only elongated by DNA polymerase I. (E)DNA polymerase III plays a role in forming these fragments.

23. In evolutionary biology, what is the meaning of homologies? (A)The characters that convergently evolved into the same function. (B)The characters that only observed in one species in a species complex. (C)The characters that play a functional role in adaptation. (D)The characters that were derived from common ancestor. (E)The characters that caused radiation of the descendent species.

25. What would be the mechanism that would NOT drive the genetic differentiation and diversification of populations? (A)Genetic drift (B)Sexual selection (C)Natural selection (D)Mutation (E)Gene flow

26. Two islands separated due to an earthquake. The population of a lizard species was divided into two populations on these two islands and eventually speciated. What kind of speciation is this? (A)Parapatric speciation (B)Sympatric speciation (C)Allopatric speciation (D)Peripatric speciation (E)Phyletic speciation

27. Which of the following would not constitute reproductive isolation between individuals in the same species? (A)Habitat specialization (B)Temporal mismatch of reproductive times (C)Coexisting on one geographic area (D)Displacements of courtship rituals among individuals (E)Geographic barrier between populations

28. Which of the following descriptions is NOT true for adaptive radiation? (A)It usually involves key innovation of character. (B)It usually requires filling of lineages to different ecological roles. (C)It can be observed in regional geographic area. (D)It does not require change of speciation rates. (E)It could happen in a sympatric condition.

29. Systematics is ________. (A)the evolutionary relationships between organisms (B)the science of “reconstructing” the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms (C)A sub-discipline of phylogenetics (D)the same as cladistics (E)the science using mostly genomic data to distinguish species

30. In the evolution of plants and fungal diversity, which one below is NOT true? (A)Green algae are the sister group of land plants. (B)Amoebozoans is the unicellular group that is sister to the big group included fungi and animals. (C)Land plants can be divided into vascular plants and nonvascular plants. (D)Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms. (E)Fungi are more closely related to land plants than animals.