25. Which of the following is a nucleotide, which is composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate?
(A) Adenine
(B) Guanylate
(C) Thymidine
(D) Deoxycytidine

26. In each of the following pairs of amino acids, identify which amino acid would be most soluble in water: (A) Glu, Ile (B) Tyr, Phe (C) Ser, Ala (D) Trp, His

30. Which peptide has greater absorbance at 280 nm ? (A) Ser-Val-Trp-Asp-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Trp-Ala (B) Gin-Leu-Glu-Phe-Thr-Leu-Asp-Gly-Tyr (C) Asp-Tle-Asn-Pro-Thr-Arg-Asp-Val-Phe (D) Asn-Phe-Gln-Met-Thr-Leu-Tyr-Lys-Tyr

1.Identify the components that is/are NOT a part of DNA. (A) Ribose (B) Base A, T, C, G (C) 5'-phosphate group (D) 3'-hydroxyl group (E) Deoxyribose

2.DNA is a structurally dynamic molecule that can exist in a variety of helical forms. Which of the following is/are NOT a known DNA structure? (A) A-DNA (B) B-DNA (C) , C-DNA (D) X-DNA (E) Z-DNA

複選題3. Which of the following enzymes is/are required for DNA replication? (A) Helicase (B) Topoisomerase (C) DNA polymerase (D) DNA ligase (E) Recombinase

複選題4.Which of the following statements about DNA replication is/are CORRECT? (A) 3' to 5' polymerase activity is used to synthesize both strands of DNA (B) DNA replication is semiconservative. (C) DNA polymerase needs a template and a RNA primer to initiate DNA synthesis. (D) Helicase is required to solve the supercoiled structure formed during DNA replication. (E) The 5' to 3' exonuclease proof-reading activity is required maintain the fidelity of DNA replication.

5. The 5' End is potentially lost during replication of linear eukaryotic chromosomal DNA. Which molecules or structures is/are required to prevent the shortening of the 5' end of DNA? (A) DNA gyrase (B) Telomere (C) Telomerase (D) DNA polymerase (E) Helicase

複選題6. Which physical or chemical factors in the following list can cause DNA mutation? (A) Heat (B) Ultra-violet light (C) Acridine (D) Nitrous acid (E) 5-Bromouracil

複選題7.Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is/are CORRECT? (A) Type I restriction enzyme usually cleave DNA within their recognition sequences (B) They are part of a bacterial host defense system to degrade invading viral DNA. (C) Calcium (Ca2+) is typically required for their catalytic activity (D)Cleavage by restriction enzymes can be blocked when a specific base in the recognition site is methylated. (E) Restriction enzymes hydrolyze covalent phosphodiester bonds of the DNA, leaving either "sticky/cohesive" ends or "blunt" ends.

複選題8. Identify the protein modifications present on histones that play a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of gene functions. (A) Acetylation (B) Methylation (C) Palmitoylation (D) Glutamylation (E) SUMOylation

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