31. What would a scientist see when looking through a microscope at a piece of shoulder muscle?
(A) striations with unbranched fibers
(B) striations with branched fibers
(C) no striations and unbranched fibers
(D) no striations and branched fibers
(E) The scientist would see none of the above features in shoulder muscle.

27. The action potential does not move backward from the terminal to hillock because (A) close of the inactivation gate of channels (B) delayed open of the channels (C) close of the inactivation gate of channels (D) increase of the threshold to induce action potential (E) open of the voltage-gated channels

28. It is correct to say that neural transmission across mammalian synaptic clefts is the result of (A) neural impulses involving the flow of and across the cleft. (B) neural impulses traveling across the gap as electrical currents. (C) neural impulses causing the release of chemicals that diffuse across the cleft. (D) neural impulses traveling across the cleft in both directions. (E) the calcium within the axons and dendrites of nerves adjacent to a synapse acting as the neurotransmitter.

29. In the peripheral nervous system, groups of neuronal cell bodies that are clustered together to perform basic functions are known as (A) nuclei. (B) ganglia. (C) nerves. (D) spinal cords. (E) somata.

30. Damage to the cerebellum could result in (A) decreased ability to balance. (B) loss of hearing. (C) loss of vision. (D) loss of taste sensation. (E) diminished thermoreceptive sensation.

32. In muscle function at the sarcomere level, the formation of cross-bridges is regulated by the binding of ____ ions to ______. (A) calcium, troponin (B) calcium, tropomyosin (C)calcium, myosin (D) sodium, troponin (E) sodium, tropomyosin

33. Imagine a red blood cell leaving the right ventricle of your heart. To which chamber of the heart will that cell return first? (A) right atrium (B) right ventricle (C) left atrium (D) left ventricle (E) impossible to say from information given

34. What is the correct sequence (left to right) of structures through which air passes through on the way into the mammalian lung? (A) pharynx   larynx   trachea   bronchi   bronchioles   alveoli (B) larynx   pharynx   trachea   bronchi   bronchioles   alveoli (C) pharynx   trachea   larynx   bronchi    bronchioles   alveoli (D) bronchi   bronchioles   pharynx   larynx   trachea   alveoli (E) alveoli   bronchioles   bronchi   trachea   larynx   pharynx

35. What is the correct rank order for relative toxicity (most to least) of the primary nitrogenous wastes generated by different animals? (A)ammonia   urea   uric   acid (B)uricacid   ammonia   urea (C)urea   uric   acid   ammonia (D)ammonia   uric   acid   urea (E)urea   ammonia   uric   acid

36. What is the path (left to right) of urine from formation to excretion in the mammalian kidney? (A)collecting duct   renal pelvis   ureter   urinary bladder   urethra (B)renal pelvis   ureter   urinary bladder urethra   collecting duct (C)ureter   collectingduct   renal pelvis   urinarybladder   urethra (D)collecting duct   ureter   urinary bladder   renal pelvis   urethra (E)urethra   collecting duct   renal pelvis   ureter   urinary bladder

37. Parathyroid hormone's main function is to (A) increase glucose mobilization during stress or fasting. (B) increase calcium by mobilizing the ion from bone. (C) increase sodium through reabsorption from kidney. (D) increase insulin-like growth factor I and linear body growth. (E) synergize with thyroid hormone in various functions.