58. As shown in Figure (b) below, a point-like ball with initial velocity v₀ is inclined at an angle of Ψ on the inclined plane and the inclined plane itself is inclined at an angle of Φ.

We know that the distance from the point of launch to the point at which the ball strikes the incline, measured along the incline without taking into account air resistance, is

 Therefore, as shown in Figure (b), what value of θ₀ will maximise R when thrown from a projector with a height h = 2.22 m above the ground and an initial velocity v₀ = 14.0 m/s? (Hint: Solve a quadratic equation of sing and, then, take an approximation: sin6° ≈ 1/10.)
(A) smaller than 40°
(B) about 42°
(C) 45°, exactly
(D) about 47°
(E) larger than 50°

54. Two planets of equal mass orbit a star. Planet A has a smaller orbital radius than planet B. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Planet A and planet B have the same mechanical energy (potential energy plus kinetic energy). (B) Planet A has less kinetic energy, less potential energy, and less mechanical energy (potential energy plus kinetic energy) than planet B. (C) Planet A has more kinetic energy, less potential energy, and less mechanical energy (potential energy plus kinetic energy) than planet B. (D) Planet A has more kinetic energy, less potential energy, and more mechanical energy (potential energy plus kinetic energy) than planet B. (E) Planet A has more kinetic energy, more potential energy, and more mechanical energy (potential energy plus kinetic energy) than planet B.

55. Which of the following statements is false for one mole of monatomic ideal gas? (A) By the Equivalence Theorem, we know that the average energy of each molecule in a monatomic gas is , where the translation, rotational and vibrational motion each contribute equally to the energy . (B) The isobaric process requires absorbing more heat to increase its temperature by one unit than the isochoric process. (C) If the pressure of a gas is doubled and the volume is halved, the internal energy of the gas does not change. (D) During a reversible adiabatic process, the ideal gas law PV = nRT still holds. (E) None of the above is false.

56. Let us consider aspherical capacitor consisting of two concentric metal spherical shells of radii R1 and R2 (R1 ＜ R2), respectively. Which of the following statements is true? (A) The capacitance is increased as R₁ reduces. (B) The capacitance is increased as R2 increases. (C) The capacitance increases as R₁ and R2 increase, while the difference between R2 and R₁ remains constant. (D) The potential difference between the two metal spherical shells does not change with the stored charges. (E) None of the above.

57. Which of the following statements is not true? (A) If an external pressure is applied to a confined fluid which is incompressible, the pressure at every point within the fluid increases by that amount. (B) The magnitude of pressure exerted by an object on a given surface is equal to its weight acting in the direction perpendicular to that surface. Therefore, like the force vector, pressure is also a vector quantity. (C) 1 atm is about 14.7 psi. (D) At any depth in a static fluid, the pressure is the same in all directions at a given depth. (E) Where fluid velocity is high, pressure is low; where velocity is low, pressure is high.

59. Which of the following statements about Maxwell's equations is false? (A) Gauss's law for magnetism implies that there are no magnetic monopoles. (B) Gauss's law for the electric field shows us that an electric field points away from positive charges and towards negative charges. (C) Faraday's law states that the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the enclosed surface of a circuit induces a current. (D) Maxwell's modification to Ampère's law gives that a time-varying electric field results in a circular magnetic field. (E) None of the above.

60. Which of the following values is closest to the inductance required to store 1.0 kWh of energy in a coil carrying a 200-A current? (A) 0.1 Η (B) 1 H (C) 10 H (D) 40 H (E) 200 Η

41. Glucose most commonly forms which of the following structures? (A) a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4 (B) a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 (C) a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 6 (D) a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 3 (E) a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4

42. Shuttle vectors have the property that they: (A) contain promoters for the expression of the gene. (B) have origins of replication for two different cell types, usually bacteria and yeast. (C) are capable of incorporating very large DNA fragments. (D) contain more than one antibiotic resistant gene. (E) None of the above.

43. E'° of the NAD+/NADH half reaction is -0.32 V. The E'° of the oxaloacetate/malate half reaction is -0.175 V. When the concentrations of NAD+, NADH, oxaloacetate, and malate are all 10⁻5 M, the "spontaneous" reaction is: (A) malate + NAD⁺ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺. (B) malate + NADH + H⁺ → oxaloacetate + NAD⁺. (C) NAD⁺ + NADH + H⁺ → malate + oxaloacetate. (D) NAD⁺ + oxaloacetate → NADH + H⁺ + malate. (E) oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺ → malate + NAD⁺.

44. Fructose in the diet or fructose from sucrose in the diet can be a source of calories for fat synthesis in the liver because: (A) ketoses are fattening. (B) fructose enters glycolysis after the primary regulation point, PFK-1. (C) fructose provides a net of four ATP from glycolysis. (D) fructose enters the branch of glycolysis that forms fat. (E) glycerol (the "backbone" of triacylglycerols) comes specifically from fructose.