8. An electrocardiogram (ECG) can detect heart activity because the heart can form an electric dipole under external stimulation. Suppose the capacitance per unit area of a cardiac myocyte (心肌細胞) is C, the total surface area of the cardiac myocyte is A, and the transmembrane voltage is V. Suppose that the thickness of the cardiac myocyte is d. What is the electric dipole moment of a single cardiac myocyte?
(A) CVAd
(B) CVd
(C) CVd/A
(D) CV/A
(E) CV

4. In an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas, which of the following statements is NOT true? (A) The gas does work on its surroundings. (B) The internal energy of the gas increases. (C) The temperature of the gas increases. (D) The gas absorbs heat from its surroundings. (E) The process results in a change in the state of the gas.

5. The method to correct myopia is to wear a concave lens with an appropriate focal length. Suppose a person has myopia, and the nearest object he/she can clearly see without the accommodation of the lens is at a distance of 45 cm. What should be the focal length of the concave lens required for the person to clearly see objects at infinity? (A) 22.5 cm (B) 45.0 cm (C) 90.0 cm (D) 15.0 cm (E) 60.0 cm

6. The arterial blood pressure in the head and feet of a person standing differs from that when lying down. Suppose the difference (in magnitude) in arterial blood pressure in the head between the lying and standing positions is AP₁, and the difference in arterial blood pressure in the feet between these two positions is AP2. Given that the density of blood is p and the local gravitational field strength is g, find the height of the person. (A) (B) (C)(D)(E)

7. If the ammeter detects a current of A, how many electrons pass through the cross-section of the wire per second? (A) (B) (C)(D) (E)

9. Nyboer theoretically discovered in 1940 that changes in impedance can be used to determine changes in the cross-sectional area of blood vessels. Impedance is the resistance of a conductor in an alternating current circuit (frequency ω). There are various substances with different resistivities within the human body, so the human body exhibits a significant capacitance. The circuit composed of resistance R and capacitance C can be divided into series and parallel configurations. In the case of resistance and capacitance in series, what is the impedance Z? (A) (B)(C)(D)(E)

10. When the observer and the sound source are stationary relative to each other, the observed frequency is f. Suppose the observer and the source are moving toward each other. If the observer's speed is 0.25v and the source's speed is also 0.25v, where v is the sound speed. What will be the observed frequency? (A) 5f/4 (B) 3f/4 (C) 4f/3 (D) 3f/5 (E) 5f/3

11. In a scenario where a patient is sliding down a ramp during rehabilitation, and friction is present, what happens to the initial total mechanical energy? (A) It is completely converted to kinetic energy. (B) It is completely converted to potential energy. (C) It remains constant. (D) It is partially converted to thermal energy due to friction. (E) It disappears.

12. Effectively, a nerve fiber can be considered as being composed of many individual circuits, where each circuit consists of a battery, a capacitor of capacitance C, and a resistor of resistance R connected in series which is the so-called RC circuit. What is the time constant of the RC circuit? (A) R/C (B) 1/RC (C) RC (D) RC2 (E) CR2

13. High-frequency electromagnetic fields are typically used in medicine to heat internal tissues or organs of the body, such as in surgical cutting. For microwaves with a frequency of Hz, what is their wavelength? Can they be seen with the naked eye? [speed of light is 3×108 m/s] (A) m; invisible (B) m; visible (C) m; invisible (D) m; visible (E)m; invisible

14. X-rays are a commonly used electromagnetic wave in medical imaging technology. Using an X-ray tube to generate X-rays, the shortest wavelength Amin that can be produced is inversely proportional to the voltage V of the tube. This relationship can be expressed by the following equation. = Q/V. What is the value of the constant Q in the equation? Planck constant, an electric charge, and the speed of light are denoted as h, e, and c, respectively. (A) hc (B) e/h (C) e/(hc) (D) hc/e (E) e²/h