(二) The fall of the Roman Empire was caused by the cumulative military force of successive invasions. Even though it enjoyed a glorious period of prosperity, technological advance, great achievements in the arts, and flourishing trade and commerce, when the invaders arrived from the East wave after wave, the fate of Roman imperialism was inevitably doomed.（8 分）

(一)假如銀河（Milky Way）終止於某處，它的邊界是否標示宇宙的邊緣呢？還是宇 宙會繼續擴展甚至深入到未知的空間呢？（7 分）

(二)我們不可能預知複製人類的科技所帶來的長程影響。一個普遍使用基因工程的世 界和我們今日所知的世界將是完全不同的。（8 分）

(一) All theories must be tested. Explaining a phenomenon under observation is one thing, but discovering an unusual phenomenon and then observing it is another. Newton maintained that the earth was flat at the poles, and in 1735 the French Academy of Sciences decided to put his prediction to the test.（7 分）

三、英文作文：（20 分） 請依據下面文字敘述寫一篇約 150 字的短文： 在你日常生活中，什麼科技產品是絕對少不了的？文章請分成兩段。第一段描述該 科技產品在你生活當中的重要性，第二段描述假如沒有該科技產品，對你生活可能 造成的影響。

二、英文寫作：請根據下列指示寫一篇英文作文。“Public trust is the foundation of effective governance.” Discuss the factors that influence public trust in government institutions. Propose measures that civil servants can take to strengthen transparency, accountability, and citizen confidence.

一、英譯中：請將下列文章翻譯成中文。       A reciprocal tariff is a tax or trade restriction that one country places on another in response to similar actions taken by that country. The idea behind reciprocal tariffs is to create balance in trade between nations. If one country raises tariffs on goods from another, the affected country might respond by imposing its own tariffs on imports from the first country. This response is meant to protect local businesses, preserve jobs, and fix trade imbalances.       Reciprocal tariffs can lead to a back-and-forth increase in trade barriers, potentially resulting in a trade war that negatively impacts both economies. Such situations can disrupt supply chains, raise prices for consumers, and slow down economic growth. It is important for countries to communicate openly and work together to settle trade issues instead of turning to reciprocal tariffs.

三、作文（40 分） Taiwan is a place known for its diversity and unique characteristics, with rich cultural and natural features. If you were to introduce Taiwan to a foreigner who has never visited before, please choose ONLY ONE of the following aspects to focus on: (1) Democratic politics and social development (2) Natural ecology and geographical environment (3) Lifestyle, cultural, and traditions Select one aspect and explain what you believe best represents the characteristics and values of Taiwan in approximately 250-300 words.

二、中譯英（30 分） 近年來臺灣詐騙集團案件越來越多，許多年輕人遭誘騙前往柬埔寨工作 或投資而受害。警方指出，詐騙集團常透過社群媒體或私人訊息聯絡受 害者，使用的話術包括宣稱提供高薪工作機會、海外投資項目或代購海 外貨品以獲利等，吸引年輕人前往國外。根據警方調查，約有 1,000 名 臺灣年輕人每月前往柬埔寨，但其中僅約 100 人返回。為防止類似事件 發生，警方已加強機場查緝，在桃園國際機場攔截購買單程機票前往柬 埔寨或泰國的年輕旅客，了解行程目的並提供警示資訊。警方表示，此 舉旨在保護民眾安全，提醒民眾警惕陌生工作或投資邀約，避免落入詐 騙陷阱。

一、英譯中（30 分） Taiwanese tea has a history dating back to the 18th century. Traditional tea drinking emphasizes hot brewing and the use of various utensils, which led to it being called “old men’s tea,” implying that only the elderly had the time to savor it. In the late 20th century, Taiwan’s tea culture saw a new development with the emergence of bubble tea, a hand-shaken iced tea combined with tapioca pearls, quickly gaining popularity among younger generations as a trendy beverage. Bubble tea retained elements of traditional Taiwanese tea while adding creativity and fun, making it more appealing to modern youth. Since the 1990s, the trend has spread beyond Taiwan, first to neighboring Asian countries and then globally. With its customizable nature, bubble tea has been widely embraced around the world. It also becomes a recognizable symbol of Taiwanese culture, and has secured a strong presence on the global stage.

四、英文作文：請根據下列說明寫一篇約 300 字的英文作文（40 分） Do you think any Taiwanese town or city is retiree-friendly or not? Choose one and explain your choice. Defend your argument (whether for or against). Make sure that you provide detailed and concrete descriptions of the place, administration, and facilities to support your argument.

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