Part II: 問答題 1. Use a graph to demonstrate why a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitive firm must operate at excess capacity. Explain why a perfectly competitive firm is not subject to the same constraint.

四、乙為參加大學畢業20年餐會,向好友甲商借其價值不斐的名錶。席間,乙再次遇到大學心儀的同學丙與死黨丁,三人相談甚歡,丁提到最近手頭有點緊,欲出售珍藏的名畫。丙聽聞甚感興趣,遂向丁表達購買意願,椎因其手頭亦不寬裕,無法一次支付丁所開價的200萬元,二人於是約定丙得先取走該畫,至於價金則分成20期給付,並約定丙僅於支付完全部價金後始取得該畫所有權。此外,丁尚希望丙得提出額外之擔保,丙乃央求在場的乙擔任保證人,乙礙於面子,於是向丁表示:「不然,就拿我的這隻錶設定質權給你,用來擔保丙之債務的履行好了。」丁端詳一番之後乃同意之,乙當場交付該錶於丁,丁則於隔日將該畫交付於丙。熟料,丙支付價金到第十期時,無力支付剩餘價金,經丁多次催告未果,此時乙再度出面為丙償還剩餘價金,丁也因此將該返還於乙。試問:當事人間之法律關係為何?(25分)

Part II: 問答題
1. Use a graph to demonstrate why a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitive firm must operate at excess capacity. Explain why a perfectly competitive firm is not subject to the same constraint.

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