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41. Which of the following statements concerning extraction is INCORRECT? (A) The recovery of the extraction is defined as the ratio of the instrument signal after extraction to the signal before extraction. (B) Extraction can effectively alleviate matrix effects. (C) Methanol is added in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to facilitate the extraction of polar compounds such as ibuprofen. (D) The suitable stationary phase of a solid-phase extraction cartridge for extracting tertiary amine drugs (e.g., lidocaine) is a strong cation-exchange sorbent. (E) Lowering the pH of the solution enhances the extraction of propionic acid (pKa = 4.0).

40. Which of the following statements concerning optical components is INCORRECT? (A) Lenses made of quartz are suitable for ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy (B) The resolution of a monochromator increases with narrower slits, higher grating groove density, longer focal length, and higher diffraction order. (C) Laser operation does not require population inversion. (D) An interference filter selectively transmits a narrow wavelength band using thin-film interference. (E) Microelectrodes exhibit reduced charging currents compared with conventional electrodes.

39. Which of the following statements concerning microelectrode is INCORRECT? (A) Microelectrodes can provide high sensitivity because they have a large double-layer capacitance at the electrode-solution interface. (B) Microelectrodes have at least one dimension in the micrometer range, resulting in enhanced mass transport by radial diffusion. (C) Microelectrodes are well suited for fast cyclic voltammetry. (D) Microelectrodes allow electrochemical measurements in solutions with high resistance and minimal supporting electrolyte. (E) Microelectrodes exhibit reduced charging currents compared with conventional electrodes.

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何謂「裁罰性不利處分」?何謂「非裁罰性不利處分」?二者之區別, 向來極具爭議;但其區別,除於行政罰法上有何實益外,是否在我國 其他法律的適用上,也有意義?又人民不服「非裁罰性不利處分」, 即無司法救濟之可能?

描述:裁罰性不利處分」與「非裁罰性不利處分」的區別在行政法領域中確實是一個高度爭議的問題,主要涉及行政罰法...

在下列三種行政爭訟事件中,當事人應聲請停止執行、假扣押或假處分,以尋求暫時權利保護?抑或其爭訟事件,根本不適用任何一種暫時權利保護類型?試論述之。 (一) 甲貧戶遭遇經濟上重大困難,爰向主管機關 A 申請急難救助金; 但遭 A 以其資格不符而駁回。甲不服,一方面提起訴願,另一方 面又擔心緩不濟急,故同時聲請暫時權利保護,希冀在相關之行政爭訟未終局確定前,能先獲得紓困,渡過難關。 (二) 乙違規,遭主管機關 B 處以高額罰鍰。乙不服,但訴願及第一審行政訴訟均敗訴,故提起上訴。在上訴審程序中,乙因資金狀況不佳, 憂慮罰鍰若遭執行,即有破產之虞,因而聲請暫時權利保護。 (三) 丙溫泉業,獲悉主管機關 C 將公告全國各溫泉地區水質優良度之評比,其中丙所在地區等級最低。丙為避免泡湯客因該公告影響, 而不登門消費,遂於提起本案救濟前,先聲請暫時權利保護,以能及時阻止公告之發布。

描述:在行政爭訟中,暫時權利保護的主要工具包括 停止執行(suspension of execution)、假扣押(provisional at...

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