複選題

19. Which of the following description about RNA editing is (are) correct?
(A) RNA editing occurs in kinetoplasts.
(B) RNA editing proceeds in a 5'→3' direction
(C) gRNAs form wobble base pairs with pre-mRNA and direct both insertion and deletion of UMPs in pre-mRNA
(D) The cytidine deaminases acting on RNA (CDAR) carries out C to G transversion for RNA editing.
(E) Endonuclease, terminal uridylyl transferase (TUTase), and ligase are required for removing UTP from pre-mRNA.

複選題15. Which of the following description about histone is (are) correct? (A) The molecular mass of Histone H4 is bigger than the other types of histones. (B) Histones H2A/H2B and H3/H4 dimerize through the non-covalent interaction of a highly conserved structural motif found in each core histone. (C) The histone H3 is extreme highly conserved from pea to cow, which differs by only two residues. (D) Histones H1 and H5 bind as monomers to nucleosomes and internucleosomal linker DNA to facilitate higher-order DNA compaction. (E) The heterogeneity of histone proteins is due to alternative splicing.

複選題16. Which of the following description about histones modification is (are) correct? (A) Histone acetylation specifically occurs in the nucleus. (B) The bromodomain domain of HAT(histone acetyltransferase) recognizes acetylated lysine residues on the N-terminal tails of histones. (C) The type B HAT does not contain the bromodomain. (D) The SANT domain of the type A HAT binds to DNA instead of histone. (E) HDAC deacetylates lysine on the N-terminal tail of core histone, leading to activation of gene transcription.

複選題17. Which of the following description about RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is (are) correct? (A) Pol II is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of mRNA and microRNA. (B) The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase binding protein (Rpb1) subunit of Pol II interacts with the splicing factor and stimulates splicing of substrates in organisms that use exon definition. (C) The facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex is a histone chaperone comprising Spt16 and SSRP1, which is involved in transcription elongation by RNA polymerases II. (D) The CTD of the Rbpl subunit is involved in capping and splicing but not in polyadenylation. (E) The cotranscriptional cleavage (CoTC) element is essential for transcription termination.

複選題18. Which of the following description about polyadenylation is (are) correct? (A) The polyA binding protein I (PAB I) binds to mRNA Poly( A ), which recruits polysomes and enhances the translatability of mRNA. (B) Continuously translating mRNA to protein causes Poly( A ) turnover, leading to mRNA degradation. (C) PAB II is critical for the initiation of polyadenylation. (D) Occurrence of pre-mRNA cleavage triggers the assembling the of precleavage complex bound to the cleavage site. (E) The cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) is required for both initiation and elongation phases of Poly( A ).

複選題20. Which of the following is (are) involved in RNA interference? (A) Dicer (B) Argonaut 2 (ago2) (C) ATP (D) R2D2 (E) C3PO

複選題21. Which of the following is (are) description about miRNA is (are) correct? (A) miRNA blocks translation initiation and elongation (B) miRNA causes mRNA degradation (C) miRNA activates translation (D) miRNA can be processed from spliced introns (E) Biogenesis of miRNA occurs in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.

22. Recombinant spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is currently used for COVID-19 vaccination. Which of the following approach is NOT applied for the recombinant protein production from eukaryotic cells? (A) Identify coding sequence of target protein from NCBI, gene bank or GIASID database (B) Generate an expression construct with the target gene driven by a T7 promoter (C) Generate an expression construct with the target gene driven by a CMV promoter (D) Incorporate the target gene with an extra tag (such as his, Fc, myc, flag etc) for purification (E) Transfection the expression construct into a cell line such as CHO cells

23. Which of the following approach is NOT generally used to reduce or diminish a specific target gene expression in the cell? (A) small interference RNA (siRNA) (B) CRISPR/Cas9 (C) MicroRNA (D) Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) (E) Long non-coding RNA (IncRNA)

24. Which of the following epigenetic modification is NOT maintained in daughter cells after cell division? (A) DNA methylation (B) DNA phosphorylation (C) Histone methylation (D) Histone acetylation (E) Histone phosphorylation

25. Which of the following enzyme is essential for the replication of a virus with a minus-strand RNA genome? (A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (B) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (C) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (E) Reverse transcriptase