25. Classrooms should provide language affordances as opposed to merely offering language input because affordance is a ________ relationship between an organism and a particular feature of the environment that signals a possibility for action.
(A) redundant
(B) recessive
(C) reproachful
(D) reciprocal

(A) redundant
(especially of a word, phrase, etc.) unnecessary because it is more than is needed
（尤指詞、片語等）多餘的，不需要的，累贅的，囉唆的
In the sentence "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant.
having lost your job because your employer no longer needs you
失業的，被解僱的，被裁減的
To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant.
New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant.

(B) recessive
(of genes and the physical qualities they control) only appearing in a child if both parents supply the controlling gene
（遺傳基因）隱性的
→dominant
A dominant gene is one that always produces a particular characteristic in a person, plant, or animal.
（基因）顯性的
The gene for brown eyes is dominant.

(C) reproachful
expressing criticism
表示責備的；指責的；譴責的
reproachful looks/words

(D) reciprocal
A reciprocal action or arrangement involves two people or groups of people who behave in the same way or agree to help each other and give each other advantages.
相互的；互惠的；報答的

資料來源：劍橋辭典