29. From the following list of observations, choose the one that most clearly supports the conclusion that the mass of the atom is mainly located in the nucleus.
(A) the emission spectrum of hydrogen
(B) the photoelectric effect
(C) diffraction
(D) the scattering pattern of α particles by metal foil
(E) cathode "rays"

15. From the following list of observations, choose the one that most clearly supports the conclusion that the mass of the atom is located mainly in the nucleus. (A) the emission spectrum of hydrogen (B) the photoelectric effect (C) the scattering of alpba particles by metal foil (D) diffraction (E) cathode "rays"

15. From the following list of observations, choose the one that most clearly supports the conclusion that electrons have wave properties. (A) the emission spectrum of hydrogen (B) the photoelectric effect (C) the scattering of alpha particles by metal foil (D) diffraction (E) cathode "rays"

20. From the following list of observations, choose the one that most clearly supports the conclusion that electrons in atoms have quantized energies. (A) the emission spectrum of hydrogen (B) the photoelectric effect (C) the scattering of alpha particles by metal foil (D) diffraction (E) cathode "rays"

25. From the following list of observations, choose the one that most clearly supports the conclusion that atoms contain electrons. (A) the emission spectrum of hydrogen (B) the photoelectric effect (C) the scattering of alpha particles by metal foil (D) diffraction (E) cathode "rays"

30. In UV-Vis spectroscopy, the absorption characteristics of a molecule can be altered by the presence of certain functional groups. Which of the following statements correctly describes the roles of chromophores and auxochromes? (A) A chromophore is a saturated functional group that does not absorb radiation but increases the absorption intensity of the entire molecule. (B) An auxochrome is a functional group, such as -OH or -NH2, which does not itself absorb significantly in the UV region but can cause a bathochromic shift and a hyperchromic effect when attached to a chromophore. (C) The addition of an auxochrome to a conjugated system typically leads to a hypsochromic shift (blue shift) because it increases the energy gap between the π and π* orbitals. (D) Chromophores are only capable of undergoing n→σ* transitions, while auxochromes are responsible for π→π* transitions. (E) The intensity of absorption is determined solely by the chromophore, and auxochromes only affect the wavelength of the maximum absorption.

31. The motion of a car can be described by the equation x(t)=15t-2t2, where x and t are in meters and seconds, respectively. What is the acceleration of the car after 3 seconds? (A) 27 m/s2 (B) 12 m/s2 (C) 4 m/s2 (D) -4 m/s2 (E) -12 m/s2

32. A solid cylinder and a thin hoop of the same mass m and radius R are released from rest (at the same moment) at the top of an incline. If they roll without slipping, which object will have a greater translational velocity at the bottom of the incline? (A) The solid cylinder. (B) The thin hoop. (C) They will have the same velocity. (D) The velocity depends on the angle of the incline. (E) None of the above.

33. Two blocks of equal mass m are connected by a spring with the spring constant k and placed on a frictionless surface. If the right block is given an initial velocity v while the left block is at rest, what is the minimum kinetic energy of the system during the subsequent oscillation? (A) 0 (B) (1/8)mv2 (C) (1/4)mv2 (D) (1/2)mv2 (E) mv2

34. An ice cube is floating in a glass of pure water. The system remains at 0°C as the ice melts. How does the water level change? (A) It increases. (B) It decreases. (C) It remains exactly the same. (D) It depends on the size of the ice cube. (E) None of the above.

35. A cylindrical water tank with a height of 1 meter (m) and a base area of 0.1 m2 contains 50 kg of pure water. A mass of 10 kg of salt is added to the water and allowed to dissolve completely. What is the gauge pressure at the bottom of the tank? (Assume gravitational acceleration g = 10 m/s2 for simplicity). [unit: pascal (Pa)] (A) 400 Pa (B) 600 Pa (C) 4000 Pa (D) 5000 Pa (E) 6000 Pa

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