(三)Migrant (or Human) smuggling occurs when a person voluntarily pays a smuggler who, in turn, gets a migrant to cross an international border and gain illegal entry into a foreign country. Human trafficking is a crime involving the exploitation of an individual for the purposes of compelled labor or sex work through the use of force or coercion.

(一)根據聯合國婦女署（UN Women）的報導，現有數據顯示女性移民的 收入雖低於男性移民，不過她們比男性更定期地匯款給家人，而且金 額也比男性多。

(二)為了因應自 2022 年 2 月俄國入侵烏克蘭後大量逃難的烏克蘭人民， 歐盟首度啟用 2001 年通過的「臨時保護指令」（Temporary Protection Directive），提供烏克蘭難民在歐盟成員國內居留至少 1 年。

(三)移民署國境事務大隊（Border Affairs Corps of the NIA）負責國境之安全 管理工作。主要任務為查驗旅客護照與其他入境文件之真偽和有效性。

(一)Technology, particularly the digital connectivity offered by mobile phones, affects every aspect of migration. It provides an access to information pre- migration, during journeys, and in destination countries and helps migrants stay connected to families.

(二)Beyond triggering the global health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic created harsh changes to people’s freedom of movement worldwide, which in turn has impacted human mobility.

五、英文作文：  If you had a choice, would you choose to migrate domestically or internationally in pursuit of better work opportunities? Please explain your major considerations for the decision you would make in English between 200 and 250 words.

四、英文作文：In many countries, Taiwan included, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened. In sociology, a term called “M-shaped society” was coined to illustrate the gap of wealth distribution between two major groups: the rich and the poor. Yet, such a gap can bring potential threat to the development of a society. Thus, some believe “taxation” may be a good way to address the income gap. Please write a 250-word essay to present your analysis on such an idea.

三、中譯英：近來有研究結果顯示，當學生接受雙語教育時，他們的英文閱讀理解能 力呈現了顯著的進步，這樣突出的表現尤其顯示在閱讀推理、文本分析 兩個方面。然而，這樣的進步並不是全面的，仍有學生因基礎能力不足 或無法適應雙語教育，造成進步幅度有限的學習結果，亦可以說，雙語 教育的成效因學生而異。但在學生的語言學習動機、課程參與程度上， 雙語教育都顯示了正面的影響效果。

二、英譯中：In 2024, the U.S. was the world’s dominant travel and tourism market, according to a 2024 Economic Impact Trends Report by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). In 2023, a record-breaking $2.36 trillion was added to the U.S. economy from tourism. Then Tourism Economics predicted a 9% increase in international arrivals in 2025 compared to 2024. However, political tensions and negative perceptions of the U.S. have been keeping international tourists away, steering many travelers to visit Canada instead. As a result, Tourism Economics experienced a complete 180; it revised its predictions to a 9.4% decline in international visits to the U.S., and more drop again in early August.

五、英文作文： （20 分）“With the global labor market battle underway, the days when Taiwan could bring in large numbers of migrant workers are numbered. At the same time, the emergence of the poaching of workers as the ‘new normal’ indicates that treating migrant workers as cheap labor is no longer viable. Taiwan is entering the ranks of developed countries, and the answer to its labor bottleneck may be to turn migrant workers into immigrants.”Do you agree or disagree with the above quoted passage? Please elaborate your argument in no more than 250 words and be sure to support it with sufficient evidence.

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