四、申論題：(15分)

 1. 試申論何謂「體育」、「運動」、「休閒」、「體適能」、「遊戲」？並闡釋其相互之間的關 係。

一、 Person-centered Planning（PCP，個人中心計畫）對於擬定與執行身心障礙學生個別化教育計畫（IEP）有重要的功能，試舉實際的例子說明之。(20%)

⑴您認為臺北市的學校在融合議題上，除了現行作法之外，還可以進行那些嘗試？

⑵身為特教老師，在融合議題上，您認為自己可以做哪些努力和發揮？（答題時切勿洩漏任何個資、隱私或服務學校）(20%)

三、 依現行法規，特殊教育學生在每個教育階段的一年級第二學期，均需重新進行特殊教育鑑定，此鑑定的流程為何？重新進行鑑定在實務上之意義為何？(20%)

四、 技術型高中特教班導師面臨學生就業轉銜時，常遇到學生擁有的能力無法勝任喜歡的工作，而家長又期待孩子能從事該工作。身為導師的您，會運用哪些資源或方法，給予家長適切的建議，讓學生適性就業，請說明。(20%)

五、 蔡姓同學為自閉症學生，目前就讀高一，曾於國中遭同儕霸凌，對人採不信任態度，沉迷手機遊戲。資源教師於該生第一學期安排特殊需求領域社會技巧課程，該生經常藉口缺席，或於活動中辱罵其他同學，造成同學畏懼。本學期個案因不想參加週會活動，再次申請抽離週會課，同時段安排特殊需求領域社會技巧課程。身為特教老師的您，會透過哪些方式或活動規劃，設計蔡姓同學的社會技巧課程，請說明。

1. 請考生依據國三生程度, 將本文改寫為一篇約 250 字的短文, 並出五題包含 每題 4 個選項的單選克漏字測驗題 ( 20 % ) Almost all children and young people have to cope with bullying in one form or another during their school days, however, there are many types of bullying and some are easier to cope with than others. Bullying can range from teasing to name calling, from spreading nasty rumors about someone to threats of intimidation or actual physical aggression. There is always a fine line between some of these behaviors. What’s considered gentle teasing to one child might appear as intimidation to another. Also, the effects of bullying may vary according to the personality and strengths of the “victim”. Many young people have to suffer some form of teasing and name calling, for example, on the school bus in the morning--- however, some will find this 9 more difficult to deal with than others. There is no doubt that for some children and young people, that bullying, however defined, represents the most stressful experience of their lives. Some fear it so much that they refuse to go to school or find excuses to avoid situations where bullying can occur. At the most extreme level bullying can, on rare occasions, lead to a suicide attempt. This is why it has to be taken very seriously indeed. Of course, we have to be clear that some forms of bullying are likely to have worse consequences than others. Children have to accept a certain level of teasing, and parents will need to provide support so that the child can deal with this. However, bullying to the extent of being physically threatened or continually taunted is very distressing and should not be tolerated. Clearly, some children and young people are more likely to be the victims of bullying than others. Those with an obvious physical characteristic, such as being overweight, can become targets of bullying, as can those with some form of disability. Those who are shy or different, or who find it hard to stand up for themselves may also be vulnerable. Yet, it is worthwhile remembering that institutions such as schools, prisons and other residential environments can do an enormous amount to reduce bullying, so that in some places even the most vulnerable will be protected. Bullying is not inevitable. One of the problems for victims of bullying is that very often such individuals feel ashamed of what is happening and blame themselves. It is here that friends and important adults have such a key role to play. Victims of bullying need support to see that it is not their fault. They are not to blame, and something can be done to help them. When bullying occurs most of the attention is focused, not surprisingly, on the victim. We do need to pay attention to the bully as well. Not all bullies are the same; research has shown that there are differences between the ringleaders, the “henchmen” and the silent observers. For adults who work with young people it is sometimes useful to distinguish between these groups and to target any interventions with those who have the most influence on the bullying behavior. Bullies are often people who have been bullied themselves, and may therefore be vulnerable and angry. A lot can be done to help such young people deal with their pain and avoid bullying others. Most people assume that bullying happens exclusively in the school setting. Since this is where children and young people spend a good deal of their time, it is understandable that this is the focus of our thinking, but it is essential to remember that bullying can occur in other places as well. Individuals can be bullied in the home, possibly by an older sibling or by a step-brother or sister. As I have noted above, prisons and other residential settings are also places where bullying is common. When thinking about bullying, adults do need to keep in mind that it can occur anywhere, not just in school. 10 Adults can do an enormous amount to help, although sometimes it is difficult to be clear how to proceed. Firstly, if your child is showing signs of stress and you are not sure what’s going on, be aware that bullying may be one possible cause. Secondly, you should know that all schools are required to have an anti-bullying strategy in place. As a parent, you can find out if this is working; and if not, get support from other parents to insist that it does. Thirdly, if you do find out that your child is being bullied, offer your help, but be sensitive to their needs too. Simply rushing in to the school and demanding action from the Head is not necessarily the best tactic. Young people will be very anxious about any move a parent might make, and will often fear reprisals from the bullies or their friends if any action is taken by the school. The best thing to do is to talk things over with the child or young person and plan a strategy that suits them. This may involve getting support from friends or other parents. It may involve a quick talk with a trusted teacher. It may even involve thinking about a change of school. The most important thing of all is for a parent to offer support to the child in a way that feels right for them.

II. Rewrite the following passage for a cloze test. (150-200words) (20%) The test should contain 5 questions, each with 4 choices. Your version should read like a coherent, complete passage in itself. Do not copy exact sentences; write in your own words.         Childhood has long been associated with innocence. Yet for many girls in India, this precious time is a nightmare. That’s because every day, Indian girls as young as seven are abducted, tortured, and forced to perform unimaginable acts. Child prostitution is a billion-dollar enterprise, and 1.2 million Indian girls are forced to work in the industry against their will.         India has been bothered with this horrifying problem for many years, leaving international organizations no choice but to intervene. The Free a Girl Movement is an organization committed to rescuing young girls from child trafficking and prostitution. These girls are taken to shelters where they receive medical treatment, counseling, and job training in hope of integrating them back into society.          Although the Free a Girl Movement aims to prosecute criminals as well, only around 50 child trafficking cases lead to actual convictions each year in India. Many cases surrounding this issue are dropped due to the lack of lawyers and judges with knowledge of human trafficking. The facts that these criminals are wandering around freely allows child trafficking to continue on such a large scale. The Free a Girl Movement wants to take its first step further with the School for Justice. This educational institute is working with one of the country’s most respected law universities to provide education, training, and support to the rescued girls. The goal is to enable them to become lawyers and public prosecutors to challenge India’s legal system from within. The School for Justice believes there are no prosecutors better suited and motivated to put these criminals behind bars than the former victims of child trafficking themselves. Eventually, these girls will become the driving force in bringing the bad guys to justice. Through education, these survivors will take the law into their own hands so no other girls have to suffer the same fate.

III. Translate the following Chinese into English. (15%)         曾幾何時，語言上的恭謹與精確，在我們的社會中已被當成一種過時的教養，不禁想問:我們可不 可以說得少一點但說得好一點？環顧現今的台灣，語言教育似乎總被狹隘地定義成「外語教育」。我 想誰都無法否認語言教育是智育教育的成果，因此若只追求外語能力的增進，而忽略母語素質的提 升，無疑是非常捨本逐末的教育方針。         其實，最好的語言習慣，是從家庭開始萌芽的。家庭在語言教育上所能產生的影響力，除了語言 習慣之外，更珍貴的是建立言談內涵的廣度與深度。因此，不要讓孩子養成動不動就批評或謾罵的習 慣。如果他對一件事有批評，請他講出支持他意見的想法。講話是最好的邏輯訓練，但現在很多孩子 講一堆沒頭沒腦的話也不在意，這是因為沒有人好好聽他們說話，也沒有人真心從生活中指導他們該 怎麼好好說話。         如今，在生活中如果能聽到有人好好說話，心裡真是充滿感謝與希望。

IV. Essay questions (共 3 題，50%) 1. With the upcoming implementation of the General Framework for the 12-year Basic Education Curriculum Guidelines (新課綱), what impact will it impose on English teaching at vocational schools? (20%)

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